MAUI: Enabling Fiber-to-the-Processor With Parallel Multiwavelength Optical Interconnects

Lemoff, B. E.; Ali, Muhammad Hassaan; Panotopoulos, George; Flower, G.M.; Madhavan, B.; Levi, A. F. J.; Dolfi, David W.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2004.833251

Cited by 74 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Parallel transmission on separate fibers is currently commercially used [34], and coarse WDM (CWDM) transceivers with 4 wavelengths per fiber are also available [35]. As technology improves, solutions for multiplexing a larger number of wavelengths on a single fiber are found, offering low-cost alternatives to high-speed serial transmission [11], [34].…”

Section: Architecture Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Validation of a Wavelength-Striped, Packet Switched, Optical Interconnection Network

Shacham¹,

Bergman

2009

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-We experimentally validate a complete optical packet switched interconnection network, implementing the SPINet architecture. The scalable photonic integrated network (SPINet) architecture capitalizes on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to provide very large transmission bandwidths, simplify network design, and reduce the network's power dissipation. Contention resolution is performed in the optical domain, and a novel physical layer acknowledgement protocol is employed to mitigate the associated latency and performance penalties. Moreover, the SPINet architecture is specifically designed to enable on-chip integration by not using any kind of optical delay lines. Experiments presented include a complete functionality verification, error-free routing of 80 Gb/s wavelength-striped optical packets (8 wavelengths each modulated at 10 Gb/s) with a bit-error rate (BER) better than 10 12 , and novel performance-enhancement techniques such as path adjustments and load balancing.Index Terms-Multistage interconnection networks, multiprocessor interconnection, optical interconnections, photonic switching systems.

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Section: Architecture Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Validation of a Wavelength-Striped, Packet Switched, Optical Interconnection Network

Shacham¹,

Bergman

2009

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…1-2) general concepts are relatively well established and the main effort is to improve the existing performance, for optical interconnects inside the computer ( Fig. 1-3) the concepts themselves are also under investigation in different projects like Terabus from IBM [29], [30] or Multiwavelength Assemblies for Ubiquitous Interconnects (MAUI) from Intel [31]. The ultimate goal for the optical interconnects outside the computer is to bring data with a very high speed using optical technologies directly to the home, the so -called fiber-to-thehome (FTTH) concept [32].…”

Section: Fig 1-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Speed VCSELs for Optical Interconnects

Mutig

2011

Springer Theses

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The forecast for the serial transmission speeds used for data communication s ystems is a continued exponential increase with time, directly in concert with silicon integrated circuit scaling and in response to human society's perpetual hunger for massive increases in bandwidth. Electrical interfaces for single channel bit rates beyond 10 Gbit/s are being standardized for a variety of applications, including for example (with an expected data -rate): Fibre Channel FC32G (34 Gbit/s), InfiniBand (20 Gbit/s), common electrical interface CEI (25-28 Gbit/s), and universal serial bus protocols USB 3.0 (up to 25 Gbit/s). As a result, the fundamental electro-magnetic limitations of copper wire-based links at bit rates >10 Gbit/s make fiber based optics for data communication indispensable at distances >1 m. At shorter distances, problems associated with electrical transmission lines at such high frequencies, e. g. high power consumption, strong signal attenuation, signal distortion and electromagnetic interference, lead to unstoppable and progressive penetration of optical communication links into traditional copper interconnect markets. These trends greatly expand the applications of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and VCSEL arrays as very inexpensive, efficient, reliable, readily manufacturable and compact laser light sources for next-generations of fiber-optic, free-space, board-to-board, module-to-module, chip-to-chip and on-chip interconnects and related information systems and networks.Already today oxide-confined GaAs-based VCSELs emitting at 850 nm are the key components for low cost high speed local and storage area network (LAN/SAN) data communication systems. Furthermore, active optical cable links for short-reach computer and consumer applications, for example USB, DisplayPort, and HDMI standards, are increasingly based on VCSELs operating in the near-infrared spectral range. Immense research and development effort all around the world resulted in the great progress in the area of highspeed GaAs-based VCSELs in the last few years. At the standard wavelength of 850 nm room temperature error free data transmission at the bit rate of 32 Gbit/s has been demonstrated in 2009. Also at longer wavelengths bit rates of 35 Gbit/s (980 nm) and 40 Gbit/s (1100 nm) have been achieved at room temperature using GaAs-based VCSELs, while the latter device was based on the buried tunnel junction, requiring additional epitaxial growth step and making the laser fabrication more complicated. While the wavelength of 850 nm is the current standard for LAN/SAN applications, potential competitive standards at 980 and 1100 nm have many critical advantages for very and ultra short reach systems. This includes smaller operational voltages due to the lower photon energy, which are decisive for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) drivers, transparency of the GaAs substrate, which is important for bottom-emitting lasers, and deeper potential wells, suppressing the escape of injected non-equilibrium carr...

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“…Optical interconnects offer several well-known advantages for HPC systems such as higher spatial and temporal bandwidths, lower cross talk independent of data rates, higher interconnect densities, better signal integrity at high frequencies, lower signal attenuation, and lower power requirements at higher bit rates [2,3,[10][11][12][13][14], all of which could potentially achieve the much desired high bit rates data communication at a much reduced power level at the boardto-board distances of 0.1-1 m.…”

Section: A Optical Interconnects For High-performance Computing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable and adaptive photonic networks for high-performance computing systems

Kodi

Louri

2009

Appl. Opt.

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As feature sizes decrease to the submicrometer regime and clock rates increase to the multigigahertz range, the limited bandwidth at higher bit rates and longer communication distances in electrical interconnects will create a major bandwidth imbalance in future high-performance computing (HPC) systems. We explore the application of an optoelectronic interconnect for the design of flexible, high-bandwidth, reconfigurable and adaptive interconnection architectures for chip-to-chip and board-to-board HPC systems. Reconfigurability is realized by interconnecting arrays of optical transmitters, and adaptivity is implemented by a dynamic bandwidth reallocation (DBR) technique that balances the load on each communication channel. We evaluate a DBR technique, the lockstep (LS) protocol, that monitors traffic intensities, reallocates bandwidth, and adapts to changes in communication patterns. We incorporate this DBR technique into a detailed discrete-event network simulator to evaluate the performance for uniform, nonuniform, and permutation communication patterns. Simulation results indicate that, without reconfiguration techniques being applied, optical based system architecture shows better performance than electrical interconnects for uniform and nonuniform patterns; with reconfiguration techniques being applied, the dynamically reconfigurable optoelectronic interconnect provides much better performance for all communication patterns. Based on the performance study, the reconfigured architecture shows 30%-50% increased throughput and 50%-75% reduced network latency compared with HPC electrical networks.

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MAUI: Enabling Fiber-to-the-Processor With Parallel Multiwavelength Optical Interconnects

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

An Experimental Validation of a Wavelength-Striped, Packet Switched, Optical Interconnection Network

An Experimental Validation of a Wavelength-Striped, Packet Switched, Optical Interconnection Network

High Speed VCSELs for Optical Interconnects

Reconfigurable and adaptive photonic networks for high-performance computing systems

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