Maximum Permissible Amounts of Natural Uran in the Body, Air and Drinking Water Based on Human Experimental Data

Bernard, S.R.

doi:10.1097/00004032-195807000-00005

Cited by 12 publications

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“…Recent results of Morrow and coworkers indicate that even transient concentrations on the order of 0.3-1 .O pg U g-' kidney may cause renal abnormalities in dogs, based on fairly sensitive tests of renal dysfunction (Morrow et al 1982a(Morrow et al , 1982bMorrow 1984). Data for humans injected with U for experimental purposes or occupationally exposed to high levels of U for brief periods have been interpreted as indicating that renal U concentrations of 3 pg g-' or higher can be tolerated without significant, longlasting damage to the kidneys (compare Bernard 1958;Spoor and Hursh 1973;Hursh 1975). On the other hand, mild effects manifested by elevated urinary excretion of the filterable plasma protein &microglobulin or certain amino acids have been observed in chronically exposed U workers who probably did not have renal U concentrations greater than a few pg g-' at the time of the study but who may have experienced fairly high exposure levels in earlier years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the late 1950s, data for workers acutely exposed to high levels of U in air and a few patients injected with U for experimental purposes had led to estimates that renal U concentrations of 2-6 pg g-' might be tolerated by man without serious effects (Bernard 1958). Based on these findings on the chemical toxicity of U, a maximal permissible concentration of 3 pg U g-' kidney was adopted in 1959 by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (Spoor and Hursh 1973).…”

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The Behavior and Chemical Toxicity of U in the Kidney

1989

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By the late 1950s, the views had evolved that 1) U does not enter cells but damages the kidneys by binding to the luminal membranes of renal tubular cells, interfering with reabsorption of glucose, sodium, amino acids, protein, water, and other substances, and causing slow cell death by suppression of respiration; and 2) U does not cause significant damage to the kidneys at concentrations below 3 micrograms U g-1 kidney. Although there has not been a major unified effort in the past three decades to update the toxicology of U as a nephrotoxin, there have been numerous isolated studies that may be useful in reevaluating these longstanding views on the behavior and action of U in the kidneys and the renal U concentration at which toxic effects may become evident. This paper is a brief review and synthesis of current information on U nephrotoxicity. Much more experimental research and reevaluation of existing data are needed concerning U nephrotoxicity, particularly for the case of chronic exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Behavior and Chemical Toxicity of U in the Kidney

1989

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“…Also mentioned were the articles by Bernard (1958) and Beasley, et al (1966). Most respondents did not describe the manner in which the above references were used.…”

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confidence: 99%