MDG 7c for safe drinking water in India: an illusive achievement

Johri, Mira; Chandra, Dinesh; Subramanian, Shobha; Sylvestre, Marie‐Pierre; Pahwa, Smriti

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60673-5

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Child birth weight is affected by maternal characteristics and behaviors and is correlated with child nutritional status. Environmental enteropathy and infectious diseases in childhood are prevalent in our study populations (38) and play a critical role in child undernutrition (4,10). Higher maternal health literacy could reduce the frequency or severity of these common childhood conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Maternal Health Literacy Is Associated with Early Childhood Nutritional Status in India

Johri

Subramanian²,

Koné

et al. 2016

The Journal of Nutrition

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Compared with the urban slum pocket, the rural area suffers from greater poverty and insalubrity (38) and greater gender inequality and female illiteracy (20) and potentially has more scope to make dietary changes to improve nutritional status because most households engage in farming. The sources of urban malnutrition may be different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Health Literacy Is Associated with Early Childhood Nutritional Status in India

Johri

Subramanian²,

Koné

et al. 2016

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…They also reported that about 11% of urban households and 23% of rural households have suffered infants death (Johri et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to unavailability of proper fecal sludge treatment, most of the sewage and fecal sludge find own way to the ground and that cause increased the frequency of groundwater pollution of bacteriological contamination (WaterAid, 2017). According to the survey report of lancet 2014, about 24% of children in urban areas and 55% of children in the rural area are falling ill due to contaminated water (Johri et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical and microbiological profile of the potable water of Eastern Himalayan State Sikkim: An Indication of Severe Fecal Contamination and Immediate Health Risk

Singh

Das

Singh

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Increasing population, rapid urbanization and climate change have immensely affected the freshwater sources around the world. The continuous decline in the number of natural potable water sources raises serious concern about the overall health of the human population.Developing countries are the most affected in this regard due to lack of proper hygienic maintenance protocols. Sikkim an Eastern Himalayan state with mountains as predominant topological features, harbors several natural spring water (SW). These spring waters are the primary source of potable water for the population in the four districts of the state viz. East (E), West (W), South (S) and North (N). Several incidences of water-borne diseases and the relative lack of scientific evaluation reports on the water quality of the area have educed this study. Lack of any standard filtration and purification practice among the population is one of the prime factors for the outspread of different waterborne pathogen in the state. The people of the state mostly use boiling as a dominant method of water purification, while only a small percentage of people in the West district were found to use modern standard purification system (W = 30%).The rainy season was found to be the major contributor of different diseases (E = 86%; W=100%; S=100%; N=80%) and statistical analysis of the fecal coliforms of the different season also indicated a significant difference at p < 0.05. There was no statistical significance among the physicochemical parameter of the SW but surprisingly the water from the four districts was recorded with traces of highly toxic heavy metals like mercury/WHO limit (0.001-0.007mg/l/0.001) as well as lead/WHO limit (0.001-0.007mg/l/0.05) and selenium/WHO limit (0.526-0.644 mg/l/0.01) which was above the WHO permissible limit. Piper analysis showed that water was dominated by cation sodium ion (Na + ) and bicarbonate (HCO 3 -) anion and the water can be categorized as Mg-HCO 3 type. Pairwise Pearson correlation showed a significant correlation between Electrical conductivity and TDS (r = 0.998/1.00) as well as alkalinity and turbidity (0.993/1.00). The microbial confirmatory test showed severity in fecal contamination with high counts of Total Coliform (TC), Escherichia coli (EC) and Enterococcus (EN). Highest TC was recorded from W (37.26/ml) and lowest in N (22.13/ ml) in spring water. Highest contamination of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus was found in E (EC = 8.7/ml; EN = 2.08/ml) followed by S (EC = 8.4/ml and EN = 2.05/ml). It was found that community reservoir (CR) tank was more contaminated than SP, which indicates the negligence in maintenance and 3 fecal contamination during transportation to the reservoir. Though household water was least contaminated compared to CR and SP, but it fails in WHO standard criteria for drinking water.These results indicate an immediate health risk of the resident of the state and which needs to be taken care of sooner as possible by protecting the important potable sources with required policies and regula...

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“…And if not evaluated rigorously these public investments can present an erroneous picture of success. For example, even though India appears to have met the Millenium Development Goal on access to water, a recent analysis found alarmingly high contamination rates of water from the "improved" water sources in India ( 18 ). In addition to these proximal risk factors, it is well known that there are social and intergenerational factors that influence child undernutrition, critical ones being paternal and maternal height ( 19 20 21 22 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Limits to Economic Growth: Why Direct Investments Are Needed to Address Child Undernutrition in India

Subramanian¹,

Subramanyam

2015

J Korean Med Sci

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About two of every five undernourished young children of the world live in India. These high levels of child undernutrition have persisted in India for several years, even in its relatively well-developed states. Moreover, this pattern was observed during a period of rapid economic growth. Evidence from India and other developing countries suggests that economic growth has little to no impact on reducing child undernutrition. We argue that a growth-mediated strategy is unlikely to be effective in tackling child undernutrition unless growth is pro-poor and leads to investment in programs addressing the root causes of this persistent challenge.

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MDG 7c for safe drinking water in India: an illusive achievement

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Maternal Health Literacy Is Associated with Early Childhood Nutritional Status in India

Maternal Health Literacy Is Associated with Early Childhood Nutritional Status in India

Physicochemical and microbiological profile of the potable water of Eastern Himalayan State Sikkim: An Indication of Severe Fecal Contamination and Immediate Health Risk

Limits to Economic Growth: Why Direct Investments Are Needed to Address Child Undernutrition in India

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