“…In general, the opposite tendencies (splitting vs. integration) of the families take place in scale insect and aphid modern systematics. Thus, some modern coccidologists (for example, Hodgson 2014) accept till 33 extant families of scale insects in contrast to the 15-19 "large" traditionally accepted families (Danzig 1986, Danzig and Gavrilov-Zimin 2014), whereas the last taxonomic catalogue of aphids (Remaudière and Remaudière 1997) places all recent "true aphids" in the single family Aphididae, in contrast to the acceptance of 6-13 true aphid families by some other authors in addition to two families of "not true aphids", Adelgidae and Phylloxeridae (Börner 1952, Shaposhnikov 1964, Heie 1987, Heie and Wegierek 2009a, b). These opposite tendencies in the systematics of scale insects and aphids reflect, to our mind, the generally higher biological diversity of scale insects, which demonstrate more patterns of morphological, cytogenetic, physiological, and ecological specialization than aphids.…”