Mean arterial pressure is better at predicting future metabolic syndrome in the normotensive elderly: A prospective cohort study in Taiwan

Hsu, Chun-Hsien; Chang, Jia-Kan; Liu, I-Chao; Lau, Shu Chuen; Yu, Shu-Man; Hsieh, Chang‐Hsun; Lin, Jiunn‐Diann; Liang, Yao-Jen; Pei, Dee; Chen, Yen‐Lin

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.036

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This result shows that policosanol improved not only peripheral BP, but also helped to alleviate aortic BP and MAP, especially 20 mg of policosanol. A higher MAP is correlated with higher incidence of hypertension [27,28] and metabolic syndrome [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Consumption of Cuban Policosanol Lowers Aortic and Peripheral Blood Pressure and Ameliorates Serum Lipid Parameters in Healthy Korean Participants: Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Study

Park

Yadav

Jeong

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The current study was designed to investigate the short-term effects of policosanol consumption on blood pressure (BP) and the lipid parameters in healthy Korean participants with prehypertension. A total of 84 healthy participants were randomly allocated to three groups receiving placebo, 10 mg of policosanol, or 20 mg of policosanol for 12 weeks. Based on an average of three measurements of peripheral BP, the policosanol 20 mg group exhibited the most significant reduction, that is, up to 7.7% reduction of average systolic BP (SBP) from 136.3 ± 6.1 mmHg (week 0) to 125.9 ± 8.6 mmHg (week 12, p < 0.001). Between group comparisons using repeated measures ANOVA showed that the policosanol 20 mg group had a significant reduction of SBP at 12 weeks (p = 0.020) and a reduction of diastolic BP (DBP) at 8 weeks (p = 0.041) and 12 weeks (p = 0.035). The policosanol 10 mg and 20 mg groups showed significant reductions in aortic SBP of 7.4% and 8.3%, respectively. The policosanol groups showed significant reductions of total cholesterol (TC) of 9.6% and 8.6% and low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) of 21% and 18% for 10 mg and 20 mg of policosanol, respectively. Between group comparisons using repeated measures ANOVA showed that the policosanol (10 mg and 20 mg) groups at 12 weeks had a significant reduction of TC (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.001) and LDL-C (p = 0.00005 and p = 0.0001) and elevation of %HDL-C (p = 0.048 and p = 0.014). In conclusion, 12-week consumption of policosanol resulted in significant reductions of peripheral SBP and DBP, aortic SBP and DBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and serum TC and LDL-C with elevation of % HDL-C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Consumption of Cuban Policosanol Lowers Aortic and Peripheral Blood Pressure and Ameliorates Serum Lipid Parameters in Healthy Korean Participants: Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Study

Park

Yadav

Jeong

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…This result shows that policosanol not only affected central BP, but also helped to alleviate MAP. A higher MAP is correlated with higher incidence of hypertension (Sesso et al, 2000 ; Yadav et al, 2017 ) and metabolic syndrome (Hsu et al, 2015 ). Regarding the importance of aortic BP measurement, while brachial BP is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, central aortic pressure additionally determined by the stiffness of the conduit vessels and the timing/magnitude of pressure wave reflections (Mitchell et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Consumption of Cuban Policosanol Lowers Central and Brachial Blood Pressure and Improves Lipid Profile With Enhancement of Lipoprotein Properties in Healthy Korean Participants

Kim¹,

Yadav²,

Park³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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Metabolic syndrome is closely associated with higher risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and stroke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of policosanol supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and the lipid profile in healthy Korean participants with pre-hypertension (systolic 120–139 mmHg, diastolic 85–89 mmHg). This randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial included 84 healthy participants who were randomly assigned to three groups receiving 10 mg of policosanol, 20 mg of policosanol, or placebo for 24 weeks. The BP, lipid profile, and anthropometric factors were measured pre- and post-intervention and then compared. Based on an average of three measurements of brachial BP, the policosanol 20 mg group showed the most significant reduction in average systolic BP (SBP) from 138 ± 12 mmHg at week 0 to 126 ± 13 mmHg at week 24 (p < 0.0001). The policosanol 20 mg group also showed significant reductions in aortic SBP and DBP up to 9% (p = 0.00057) and 8% (p = 0.004), respectively compared with week 0. Additionally, blood renin and aldosterone levels were significantly reduced in the policosanol 20 mg group up to 63% (p < 0.01) and 42% (p < 0.05), respectively, at week 24. For the blood lipid profile, the policosanol 10 mg and 20 mg groups showed significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC) of around 8% (p = 0.029) and 13% (p = 0.0004), respectively, at week 24 compared with week 0. Serum HDL-C level significantly increased up to 16% and 12% in the policosanol 10 mg (p = 0.002) and 20 mg (p = 0.035) group, respectively. The study results suggest that long-term policosanol consumption simultaneously reduces peripheral BP as well as aortic BP accompanied by elevation of HDL-C and % HDL-C in TC in a dose-dependent manner.

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“…We are not aware of an existing study that has compared the effects of the same BP variables measured at different time points on the risk of diabetes. However, few studies have compared the predictive utility of different BP variables measured at the same time point in relation to diabetes risk [12][13][14][15] or the risk of related complications. 1,16,17 In line with our findings, these studies have been consistent in suggesting SBP to be one of the most effective discriminators of the outcomes risk among pressure variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Single and Multiple Blood Pressure Measurement Strategies on the Prediction of Prevalent Screen‐Detected Diabetes Mellitus: A Population‐Based Survey

Mbanya

Kufe

et al. 2016

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The authors investigated the effects of single and multiple blood pressure (BP) measurements during the same encounter on screen-detected diabetes risk. Data for 9018 Cameroo-nian adults from a community-based survey were used. Resting BP was measured three times 5 minutes apart. Logistic regressions were used to compute the odd ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) higher BP variables. Systolic BP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), but not pulse pressure, were related to prevalent diabetes. The highest OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) per SD higher pressure were recorded for MAP (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.28) and systolic BP (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04-1.27). Estimates of the association were highest for the first, then third, and lastly the second BP measurements. Estimates from average BP measurements were not better than those from single measurement. Single BP measurement is more effective for diabetes risk screening than multiple measurements. Community-based diabetes strategies utilizing a single measurement are simple without compromising the yield. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2016;18:864-870. ª 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Higher-than-optimal blood pressure (BP) levels are major determinants of cardiovascular disease risk in diverse populations and settings. 1-3 Diabetes mellitus and other forms of dysglycemia are important public health problems and high blood pressure (BP) has been established as a major driver of the adverse health consequences of diabetes and dysglycemia. 4 Some interventions for controlling BP are also effective for controlling or reducing the risk of diabetes, and lowering BP indices are major targets of strategies for preventing or slowing the progression of diabetes complications. 1,3,5 High BP and dysglycemia tend to coincide, and it is established in routine clinical practice that the presence of one of these abnormalities in an individual should trigger investigations for the presence of the other. As an extension of the above, in the present era where diabetes screening is increasingly advocated, status of hyperten-sion and/or BP variables have been incorporated in multivariable models to predict the presence or future occurrence of diabetes. However, strategies for measuring BP in a routine setting and/or ascertaining the presence of hypertension varies, and can potentially be a deterrent to the adoption of multivariable models, particularly when BP measurement can be time-consuming. For instance, there is a consensus that BP should be measured at least twice during the same encounter to establish accurate BP levels. However, whether strategies based on a single BP measurement during a clinical encounter or the average of several measurements during the same encounter has similar effects on diabetes risk prediction is still uncertain. Previous studies mostly in Caucasian and to some extent Asian populations have evaluated the impact of single measurement, average of multiple measurements of BP, or usual BP levels on the risk of diabetes mellitus, with variable ...

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Mean arterial pressure is better at predicting future metabolic syndrome in the normotensive elderly: A prospective cohort study in Taiwan

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Short-Term Consumption of Cuban Policosanol Lowers Aortic and Peripheral Blood Pressure and Ameliorates Serum Lipid Parameters in Healthy Korean Participants: Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Study

Short-Term Consumption of Cuban Policosanol Lowers Aortic and Peripheral Blood Pressure and Ameliorates Serum Lipid Parameters in Healthy Korean Participants: Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Study

Long-Term Consumption of Cuban Policosanol Lowers Central and Brachial Blood Pressure and Improves Lipid Profile With Enhancement of Lipoprotein Properties in Healthy Korean Participants

Effects of Single and Multiple Blood Pressure Measurement Strategies on the Prediction of Prevalent Screen‐Detected Diabetes Mellitus: A Population‐Based Survey

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