10 1. Multi-environment trials (MET) are crucial steps in plant breeding programs that aim 11 increasing crop productivity to ensure global food security. The analysis of MET data 12 requires the combination of several approaches including data manipulation, visualization, 13 and modeling. As new methods are proposed, analyzing MET data correctly and 14 completely remains a challenge, often intractable with existing tools. 15 2. Here we describe the metan R package, a collection of functions that implement a 16 workflow-based approach to (a) check, manipulate and summarise typical MET data; (b) 17 analyze individual environments using both fixed and mixed-effect models; (c) compute 18 parametric and non-parametric stability statistics; (c) implement biometrical models 19 widely used in MET analysis; and (d) plot typical MET data quickly.203. In this paper, we present a summary of the functions implemented in metan and how 21 they integrate into a workflow to explore and analyze MET data. We guide the user 22 along a gentle learning curve and show how adding only a few commands or options at 23 a time, powerfull analyzes can be implemented. 24 4. metan offers a flexible, intuitive, and richly documented working environment with tools 25 that will facilitate the implementation of a complete analysis of MET data sets. 26 Key-words: AMMI, biometry, genotype-environment interaction, GGE biplot, multi-27 environment trials, R software, stability, statistics 28 29In 50 years the world average of cereal yields has increased by 64%, from 1.68 to 30 2.76 t ha −1 . In the same period, the total production of cereals has raised from 1.305 × 10 9 to 31 3.6 × 10 9 t, an increase of 175%, while the cultivated area increased by only 7.9% in the same 32 period (FAOSTAT, 2019). These unparallel increases have been possible due to the improved 33 cultivation techniques in combination with superior cultivars. For maize, for example, 50% 34 of the increase in yield was due to breeding (Duvick, 2005). Plant breeding programs have 35 been developing new cultivars for adaptation to new locations, management practices, or 36 growing conditions, in a clear and crucial example of exploitation of genotype-vs-environment 37 interaction (GEI).
38The breeders' desire to modeling the GEI appropriately has led to the development of 39 the so-called stability analyses, which includes ANOVA-based methods (Yates ) and some methods that combines 43 different statistical techniques, such as the Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction, 44 AMMI, (Gauch, 2013), and Genotype plus Genotype-vs-Environment interaction, GGE, (Yan 45 & Kang, 2003). Then, it is no surprise that scientific production related to multi-environment 46 trial analysis has been growing fast in the last decades. A bibliometric survey in the SCOPUS 47 database revealed that in the last half-century (1969-2019) 6590 documents were published 48 in 902 sources (Journals, books, etc.) by 19.351 authors. In this period, the number of 49 publications has been increased on av...