“…One approach in the literature is to use time series data and examples include Chan, Karolyi, Longstaff, and Sanders (1992), Tse (1995), Hiraki and Takezawa (1997), Brenner, Harjes, and Kroner (1996), Dahlquist (1996), Adkins and Krehbiel (1999), Nowman (1997Nowman ( , 2006, Episcopos (2000), Fernandez (2001), Bali (2000Bali ( , 2003, Nowman and Saltoğlu (2003), Nowman and Sorwar (2005), Sun (2005), Bali and Wu (2006), Faff and Gray (2006), Treepongkaruna and Gray (2006), Czellar, Karolyi, and Ronchetti (2007), Nowman and Yahia (2008), Christiansen (2008), Hong, Lin, and Wang (2010) and Reschreiter (2010). Another approach uses panel data and the Kalman Filtering methods and examples include Jegadeesh and Pennacchi (1996), Geyer and Pichler (1999), Duan and Simonato (1999), De Jong (2000), Chen and Scott (2003), Chatterjee (2004), Driessen, Melenberg, and Nijman (2005), O'Sullivan (2007), and Date and Wang (2009).…”