Mean value of B-mode optic nerve sheath diameter as an indicator of increased intracranial pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives Timely diagnosis and treatment of increased intracranial pressure can decrease morbidity and prevent mortality. The present meta-analysis aims to determine the mean value of the ONSD measured in patients with various elevated ICP etiologies under different clinical settings, as well as comparing the value of ONSD between patients with and without elevated ICP. Methods This meta-analysis complied with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Statement8. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify ONSD measured by US for patients with increased ICP from establishment to October 2020. Results A total of 779 patients with elevated ICP among 22 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Studies were published between 2003 and 2020. Eighteen were comparative (18/22, 81.8%), and four were single-armed study (4/22, 18.2%). Twenty were prospective studies (20/22, 90.9%). There was moderate-to-high heterogeneity based on the prediction ellipse area and variance logit of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions The mean value of the ONSD among patients diagnosed with increased ICP was 5.82 mm (95% CI 5.58–6.06 mm). Variations were observed based on etiology of intracranial hypertension, clinical settings where ONSD was measured, and standards for diagnosing intracranial hypertension. The US-ONSD among patient with elevated ICP was significantly higher than the normal control. Although a cut-off value is not clearly determined, these mean values can be implemented to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of US-ONSD in diagnosing intracranial hypertension in future studies.

Bedside ultrasonographic evaluation of optic nerve sheath diameter for monitoring of intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury patients: a cross sectional study in level II trauma care center in India

“…ONSD responds to ICP instantly. The optic nerve sheath has very little risk of plastic deformation or over-distention within the effective range [ 22 , 23 ] and is a very helpful adjunct to other common diagnostic techniques [ 24 ]. Future work is needed to establish consistent techniques and a range of normal ONSD values [ 17 ].…”

Comprehensive assessment of physiological responses in women during the ESA dry immersion VIVALDI microgravity simulation

“…Noteworthy, some authors found that ONSD was smaller in females, and thus the threshold to define high ICP may be different in females 32 . Several studies tried to define an optimal cutoff value of ONSD in order to predict an intracranial hypertension; but this threshold value is very variable according to the different studies 33 – 35 . In all, our findings seem to indicate that ONSD values did not reach the threshold observed in those who developed intracranial hypertension.…”

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for the Trauma Anesthesiologist

“…Although there was initial evidence from a small observational study on trauma patients [ 57 ], no further studies have been published specifically on the use of ocular POCUS in trauma patients. Diameter of the optic nerve sheath has been correlated with elevated ICPs [ 58 •].…”