Measles, a re-emerging disease in France?

Freymuth, F.; Vabret, Astrid

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03458.x

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Currently, in 2011, Europe is suffering major outbreaks of measles numbering more than 10,000 now in France and thousands more across the continent resulting in transmission to other continents including the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand [103][104][105][106][107]. The outbreaks in Europe now involve 33 countries.…”

Section: Harms Done By the Anti-vaccine Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinician’s guide to the anti-vaccinationists’ galaxy

Poland

Jacobson

2012

Human Immunology

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Section: Harms Done By the Anti-vaccine Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinician’s guide to the anti-vaccinationists’ galaxy

Poland

Jacobson

2012

Human Immunology

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“…Most of the cases affected young adults (median age, 29.2 yr; IQR, 27.2–34.2 yr) and occurred during the first 6 months of 2011 (n = 26; 72.2%), and mirrored the yearly and seasonal national epidemics. 21 The predominant clinical picture was measles-related interstitial pneumonitis (n = 32), whereas neurologic symptoms occurred in 4 cases. Two different scenarios could be delineated in this group of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 44 , 77 Although it was supposedly on the verge of extinction in France, MV has reemerged spectacularly since 2008 with over 20,000 registered cases of measles. 21 , 47 , 60 In the last 3 years, outbreaks have repeatedly been reported elsewhere in Europe, calling into question the assumption that measles is a disease confined to developing countries. 18 , 24 , 37 , 65 Recent works have pointed to insufficient vaccine coverage as the main reason for the resurgence of measles, strengthening claims that this disease is likely to pose unique challenges over the coming years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Measles Infection

et al. 2013

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France has recently witnessed a nationwide outbreak of measles. Data on severe forms of measles in adults are lacking. We sought to describe the epidemiologic, clinical, treatment, and prognostic aspects of the disease in adult patients who required admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 36 adults admitted to a total of 64 ICUs throughout France for complications of measles from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2011. All cases of measles were confirmed by serologic testing and/or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.The cohort consisted of 21 male and 15 female patients, with a median age of 29.2 years (25th–75th interquartile range [IQR], 27.2–34.2 yr) and a median Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) of 13 (IQR, 9–18). Among the 26 patients whose measles vaccination status was documented, none had received 2 injections. One patient had developed measles during childhood. Underlying comorbid conditions included chronic respiratory disease in 9 patients, immunosuppression in 7 patients, and obesity in 3 patients, while measles affected 5 pregnant women.Respiratory complications induced by measles infection led to ICU admission in 32 cases, and measles-related neurologic complications led to ICU admission in 2 cases. Two patients were admitted due to concurrent respiratory and neurologic complications.Bacterial superinfection of measles-related airway infection was suspected in 28 patients and was documented in 8. Four cases of community-acquired pneumonia, 6 cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia, 1 case of tracheobronchitis, and 2 cases of sinusitis were microbiologically substantiated.Of 11 patients who required mechanical ventilation, 9 developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Among the patients with ARDS, extraalveolar air leak complications occurred in 4 cases. Five patients died, all of whom were severely immunocompromised.On follow-up, 1 patient had severe chronic respiratory failure related to lung fibrosis, and 2 patients had mild lower limb paraparesis along with bladder dysfunction, both of which were ascribable to measles-induced encephalitis and myelitis. Among the 5 pregnant patients, the course of measles infection was uneventful, albeit 1 patient underwent emergent cesarean delivery because of fetal growth restriction.Measles is a disease with protean and potentially deceptive clinical manifestations, especially in the immunocompromised patient. Measles-associated pneumonitis and its complications, and less commonly postinfectious encephalomyelitis, are the main source of morbidity and mortality. In contrast with the usually benign course of the disease in immunocompetent patients, measles occurring in immunocompromised patients gives rise to lethal complications including ARDS, with or without bacterial superinfection. Other patients potentially at high risk for severe measles are young adults and pregnant women. Measles pneumonitis may predispose to air leak disease in patients using mechanical vent...

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“…The measles virus has reemerged as seasonal outbreaks in France and other European countries (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). In the Midi-Pyr áen áees region of France, the measles vaccination rate after one MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) dose by the age of 24 months (80z) is one of the lowest in the country (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Measles Patients Admitted to Emergency Departments during the 2008^|^ndash;2011 Outbreak in the Midi-Pyr^|^eacute;n^|^eacute;es Region of France

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY:The present French and European measles outbreaks show a bimodal distribution: the two most affected populations are infants aged less than 1 year and adults older than 20 years. The purpose of this study was to determine wether there were differences in the clinical presentation and evolution of measles between adult and pediatric patients. We performed a retrospective study of adult and pediatric measles patients admitted to three tertiary-level university hospitals between January 2008 and May 2011. Data were extracted from medical charts and positive laboratory results. Collected data were age, sex, geographical origin, vaccination status, source of exposure, overseas travel before symptom onset, clinical symptoms, risk factors for complications, severity criteria on admission, type of diagnosis, biological abnormalities, complications, and treatments. A total of 305 patients (171 children and 134 adults) were included in the study. The mean age was 4.6 ± 4.4 years in children and 26.7 ± 8.1 years in adults. Children were less often hospitalized than adults (29z vs. 66z). A comparison between hospitalized pediatric (n ＝ 49) and adult (n ＝ 89) patients revealed that the former had a higher incidence of complications ( P º 0.0001), more otorhinolaryngological complications (24z vs. 1z; P º 0.0001), and a higher incidence of severe criteria on admission ( P ＝ 0.02). Hospitalized pediatric patients differed from adults in terms of disease severity and complications.

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Measles, a re-emerging disease in France?

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

The clinician’s guide to the anti-vaccinationists’ galaxy

The clinician’s guide to the anti-vaccinationists’ galaxy

Severe Measles Infection

A Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Measles Patients Admitted to Emergency Departments during the 2008^|^ndash;2011 Outbreak in the Midi-Pyr^|^eacute;n^|^eacute;es Region of France

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