Measure of morphological and performance properties in polymeric silicone foams by X-ray tomography

Patterson, Brian M.; Henderson, Kevin; Smith, Zachary D.

doi:10.1007/s10853-012-6965-2

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These images are then mathematically reconstructed to yield a stack of 2D images, which can be rendered in 3D using visualization software. Such 3D images obtained disciplines, such as geoscience [17], for the imaging of embedded features; material science, for the imaging of void structures within polymer foams [18,19]; in paleontology, for the imaging of fossilized embryos [20]; and in mineral processing, for mineral exposure [21] and liberation [22,23] analysis. A disadvantage of micro-CT is that it does not yield specific elemental information (which can be obtained from confocal MXRF); however, high absorption particles embedded in a low absorption matrix can easily be detected based on regions of concentrated high grayscale values.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three dimensional subsurface elemental identification of minerals using confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence and micro-X-ray computed tomography

Cordes

Seshadri

Havrilla

et al. 2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Current non-destructive elemental characterization methods, such as scanning electron microscopy-based energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (MXRF), are limited to either elemental identification at the surface (SEM-EDS) or suffer from an inability to discriminate between surface or depth information (MXRF). Thus, a non-destructive elemental characterization of individual embedded particles beneath the surface is impossible with either of these techniques. This limitation can be overcome by using laboratory-based 3D confocal micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (confocal MXRF). This technique utilizes focusing optics on the X-ray source and detector which allows for spatial discrimination in all three dimensions. However, the voxel-by-voxel serial acquisition of a 3D

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three dimensional subsurface elemental identification of minerals using confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence and micro-X-ray computed tomography

Cordes

Seshadri

Havrilla

et al. 2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…A widespread investigated example is the foaming of beer, which is a major property of the product itself. Therefore, the understanding of bubble formation and moreover, the stability of the beer head is of great interest to the beverage industry, with scientific studies dating back nearly 100 years (Blom, 1937; Rudin, 1957). Foam deformation was already previously demonstrated by researchers at synchrotron facilities (Banhart et al ., 2001; Helfen et al ., 2002; García‐Moreno et al ., 2008; Kamm et al ., 2017), as well as in the lab (Patterson et al ., 2013) albeit typically on simplified model systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the understanding of bubble formation and moreover, the stability of the beer head is of great interest to the beverage industry, with scientific studies dating back nearly 100 years (Blom, 1937;Rudin, 1957). Foam deformation was already previously demonstrated by researchers at synchrotron facilities (Banhart et al, 2001;Helfen et al, 2002;García-Moreno et al, 2008;Kamm et al, 2017), as well as in the lab (Patterson et al, 2013) albeit typically on simplified model systems. For the beverage industry, it is enormously important to understand the appearance and disappearance of the beer head, as this contributes greatly to the quality of the experience and product delivered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovations in laboratory‐based dynamic micro‐CT to accelerate in situ research

Dewanckele¹,

Boone²,

Coppens³

et al. 2020

Journal of Microscopy

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Summary In the past few years, dynamic computed tomography (CT) approaches or uninterrupted acquisitions of deforming materials have rapidly emerged as an essential technique to understand material evolution, facilitating in situ investigations ranging from mechanical deformation to fluid flow in porous materials and beyond. Developments at synchrotron facilities have led this effort, pointing to the future of the technique. In the laboratory, recent developments at TESCAN XRE have made it possible to image, reconstruct and inspect dynamic processes in the laboratory with a temporal resolution below 10 s, meaning that an entire acquisition from 0 to 360° is completed within 10 s. The aim of this study is to explore the challenges and innovations that have led to the ability to perform high speed, dynamic acquisitions. A unique horizontally rotating gantry based micro‐CT system was developed to facilitate complex in situ experiments. In doing so, the sample stays fixed while source and detector are uninterruptedly rotating around a vertical axis. In this work, the dynamic CT method with this rotating gantry based system will be described by two application examples: (1) deformation and collapse of a delicate beer foam and (2) in situ baking process of pastry. For the pastry baking process, an oven was needed to reach baking temperature. In a conventional micro‐CT system, where the sample rotates, it is not so obvious to rotate an oven with sensor and heating cables. On the other hand, the delicate foam of a collapsing beer head is able to rotate, but because of the tangential convection during fast rotation (<10 s), it could influence the bubble detachment and liquid drainage and thus also the foam degradation. To investigate both processes, a horizontally rotating gantry based micro‐CT is required. For both examples it was possible to quantify the key parameters such as pore size and distribution to better understand the rise and fall of porous foams. These examples will highlight the recent progress in adapting micro‐CT workflows to accommodate uninterrupted imaging of dynamic events and point to opportunities for future continued development. Lay Description Micro‐CT allows the nondestructive visualisation of internal structures and is being used routinely in the field of Material Science, Geoscience, Life Science and more. Because of its nondestructive aspect, micro‐CT is optimal to take repetitive scans of the same sample over time. The combination of taking different scans over time is so called time‐resolved CT. By doing so, crucial insights can be obtained on how materials form, deform and perform over time or under certain external conditions. TESCAN XRE have made it possible to image, reconstruct and inspect dynamic processes in the laboratory with a temporal resolution below 10 s. The dynamic CT method will be described through the lens of two application examples: (1) deformation and collapse of a delicate beer foam and (2) in situ baking process of pastry. These examples will highlight the recent prog...

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“…As a high-performance material used in applications such as damping, shock absorption, sound absorption, and heat insulation, it is widely used in defense, aerospace, transportation, electronics, agriculture, and other fields. Some functional, high-performance foams have played a significant role in cutting-edge fields, such as those of the military and aerospace, and are among the most interesting materials in the field of polymer foams [3][4][5][6][7]. However, the flame retardancy of SiF has limited its wide application in some fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of expandable Graphite/Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene beads on the flame retardancy of silicone rubber foam

Pang¹,

Deng²,

Kang³

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Silicone rubber foam (SiF) with EG/HPCTP was prepared by high-temperature vulcanization. The flame retardancy of SiF was evaluated using the LOI (limiting oxygen index), UL-94, cone calorimetry test (CCT), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical properties. The results showed that EG/HPCTP could improve the LOI of SiF, and the SiF could pass the UL-94 V-0 rating. Compared with pristine SiF, EG/HPCTP could reduce the total heat release rate (THR), heat release rate (PHRR). Digital images of the char residues showed that the HPCTP was beneficial to promote the strength of SiF with EG. TGA showed that the branched decomposition temperature and main chain pyrolysis temperature of SiF were delayed. Mechanical properties analysis showed that EG and HPCTP could improve the mechanical properties of SiF. These indicated that the addition of EG/HPCTP was a good approach to prepare high effective flame-retarding SiF.

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Measure of morphological and performance properties in polymeric silicone foams by X-ray tomography

Cited by 56 publications

References 34 publications

Three dimensional subsurface elemental identification of minerals using confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence and micro-X-ray computed tomography

Three dimensional subsurface elemental identification of minerals using confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence and micro-X-ray computed tomography

Innovations in laboratory‐based dynamic micro‐CT to accelerate in situ research

Effect of expandable Graphite/Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene beads on the flame retardancy of silicone rubber foam

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