As a country affected by frequent earthquakes, Japan has accumulated experience on using reinforced soil wall technology as a seismic countermeasure. This paper briefly reviews the recent development of this technology in Japan. Approximately 1,600 case histories on the seismic performance of such walls during the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake were collected and analyzed. Statistical data on the seismic damage revealed that all types of reinforced soil walls performed well during the 2011 earthquake. The case study where the damage was closely investigated was also particularly focused upon and discussed.In current infrastructure projects, the most economical solution with the required performance is selected from several candidate solutions. In general, the term "most economical" implies that the initial cost is the lowest for that particular solution. Risk-induced seismic events are not usually considered in many projects. In this paper, a new design concept that considers the lifecycle cost including the geo-risk for a reinforced soil wall is proposed. A user-friendly cost estimation tool and a reliability analysis method along with its validation are also introduced. As a practical application of the geo-risk-based design, the selection of the best solution from the candidate solutions and the determination of the optimum reinforcing condition are discussed.