Measured Anisotropy in Pierre Shale*

White, J. E.; Martineau-Nicoletis, L.; Monash, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1983.tb01081.x

Cited by 115 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The determination of these elastic constants is essential if we want to properly describe the behavior of elastic waves in these materials. Many papers have been devoted to the experimental aspects of elastic anisotropy of geologic materials (Podio-Lucioni, 1968;King, 1969;Todd et al, 1973;Gregory, 1977;Bachman, 1983;White et al, 1983;Crampin, 1984). In this paper, our primary interest is the determination of anisotropy variation as a function of confining pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental determination of elastic anisotropy of Berea sandstone, Chicopee shale, and Chelmsford granite

1986

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We use the ultrasonic transmission method to measure P-, SH-, and SV-wave velocities for Chelmsford Granite, Chicopee Shale, and Berea Sandstone in different directions up to 1000 bars confining pressure. The velocity measurements indicate that these three rocks are elastically anisotropic. The stiffness constants, dynamic Young's moduli, dynamic Poisson's ratios, and dynamic bulk moduli of these three rocks were also calculated. These elastic constants, together with velocity measurements, suggest that: (1) Elastic anisotropy is due to the combined effects of pores/cracks and mineral grain orientation. (2) Elastic anisotropy decreases with increasing confining pressure. The residual anisotropy at higher confining pressure is due to mineral grain orientation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental determination of elastic anisotropy of Berea sandstone, Chicopee shale, and Chelmsford granite

1986

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“…The slow shear wave velocity in the XZ symmetry plane controls the SV wave velocity. We can also infer that the elastic stiffness c 13 is not a critical factor in controlling the P and S wave velocities in deviated wells.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Measurements Using An Equivalent Ti Modelmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To solve for c 13 , we use the qP wave velocity measured at 45 degree deviation and minimize the L-2 norm difference between the theoretically predicted and body wave measured P wave velocity. Plugging in the velocity measurement and density, we obtain the equivalent elastic moduli for this Phenolite material (Table 1).…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Measurements Using An Equivalent Ti Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many theoretical studies calculate the acoustic velocities and waveforms propagating in TI media (White 1982, Thomsen, 1986, Sena andToksöz, 1993). White et al (1983) and Issac and Lawton (1999) performed laboratory measurements of the anisotropy in TI media. Zhu et al (1995) also studied sonic logging in azimuthally anisotropic formations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sonic logging in deviated boreholes of an anisotropic formation: Laboratory study

Zhu¹,

Chi²,

Toksöz³

2006

SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2006

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Deepwater field development requires drilling of deviated or horizontal wells. Most formations encountered can be highly anisotropic and P-and S-wave velocities vary with propagation directions. Sonic logs acquired in these wells need to be corrected before they can be applied in formation evaluation and seismic applications. In this study, we make use of a laboratory model made of an approximate transversely isotropic Phenolite to study acoustic logging in deviated wells. We drill holes at various deviations relative to the symmetry axis in the Phenolite block. Then we perform monopole and dipole sonic measurements in these holes and extract the qP, qSV, SH, and Stoneley wave velocities using the slowness-time domain semblance method. The velocities measured using monopole and dipole loggings vary with borehole deviations. We also measure the qP, qSV, and SH wave velocities using body waves at the same angles as the well deviations. We then compute the theoretical qP, qSV, SH, and Stoneley wave velocities based on an equivalent transverse isotropic model of the Phenolite. We find the qP, qSV , and SH wave velocities obtained using the body wave measurement and acoustic logging method agree with the theoretical predictions. The Stoneley wave velocities predicted by the theory also agree reasonably well with the logging measurements.

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“…The drift caused by the velocity dispersion is normally less than 10% and is typically 5%. The only satisfactory explanation for such a difference between the vertical and horizontal velocities is the alignment of clay platelets along Ž the bedding planes White et al, 1983;Hornby, . 1995;Slater, 1997 or direct bedding-induced anisotropy in the Antrim Shale, and such anisotropy is believed to be a common feature in Ž .…”

Section: Shmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropy and attenuation of crosshole channel waves from the Antrim Shale gas play, Michigan Basin

Liu

Queen

Cox

2000

Journal of Applied Geophysics

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We analyze the crosshole data from the Antrim Shale gas play at the MIT test site in the Michigan Basin. A crosshole seismic logging analysis has revealed the presence of strong transverse isotropy possibly due to the alignment of clay platelets along the bedding plane or sedimentary bedding, and strong continuity in the depth interval covered in this study.Ž . We find that the data are dominated by channel waves associated with low velocity zones waveguides identified in the sonic logs. Channel waves are characterized by their unique characteristics, such as dispersion and amplitude variation with depth. The channel-wave analysis has revealed the possible presence of azimuthal anisotropy at the top of the depth covered in this survey, which may be related to fracturing in the Antrim Shale formation. The data also show strong attenuation of S-waves characterized by very low frequency contents which may be due to viscoelastic properties of shaly sands or scattering by fractures. However, direct estimates of fracture parameters are not possible due to the limited data available. Finally, we have modeled the data with synthetic seismograms using a model with a 30% anisotropy. q

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Measured Anisotropy in Pierre Shale*

Cited by 115 publications

References 5 publications

Experimental determination of elastic anisotropy of Berea sandstone, Chicopee shale, and Chelmsford granite

Experimental determination of elastic anisotropy of Berea sandstone, Chicopee shale, and Chelmsford granite

Sonic logging in deviated boreholes of an anisotropic formation: Laboratory study

Anisotropy and attenuation of crosshole channel waves from the Antrim Shale gas play, Michigan Basin

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