Measured temporal and spectral PMD characteristics and their implications for network-level mitigation approaches

Abstract

Abstract-Signal degradation due to polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) effects may become significant for signaling rates of 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s, and beyond. To assess the utility of various PMD mitigation schemes, temporal and spectral measurements of differential group delay (DGD) were made on 95 km of buried standard single-mode fiber over an 86-d period to determine the distribution and rate of change of high-DGD events. As expected, statistical analysis of variations in DGD indicate that excursions from the mean DGD by factors of 3.7 or higher have very low probability. For this link, the DGD varied slowly with time (having a drift time of about 3.4 d) and rapidly with wavelength. The DGD data agree well with results of similar experiments reported in the literature. Statistical analysis of the measured DGD data shows that high-DGD episodes will be exceedingly rare and short-lived. The impact of PMD on network operations is explored and approaches to ensure network reliability are reviewed for network operators given the task of transporting high-bit-rate channels over fiber links with known PMD characteristics.

In‐band coding technique to promptly enhance SDH/SONET fiber‐optic channels with FEC capabilities

“…Alternatively, error-bursts may result from temporary jitter fluctuations, when channel quality is low. DGD on the other hand, the physical mechanism of PMD [27,28], causes ISI through pattern dependent pulse broadening. Consequently, it also contributes to the formation of error-bursts.…”

43Gb/s Adaptive Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensator Field Trial

“…Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) has been identified as a system degrading effect on some older installed fiber [1,2,3]. As the PMD-limited reach is proportional to 1/(bit rate) 2 , this becomes an increasingly severe problem with higher data rates.…”

The characterization of step index single mode silica fiber for long haul signal communication

“…With advent of recent technique, large number of processes has been developed 1,2 in characterization of single mode fibers (SMF). Much stress is given to the fact that these fibers should have stable transmission characteristics in long lengths 3,4 with maximum reproducibility. Therefore, characterization of the fibers plays a crucial role for optical signal transmission, which is carried out mainly by observing attenuation using optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), mode field diameter and core clad geometry 5 .…”