Measurement and finite element modeling of the force balance in the vertical section of adhering vascular endothelial cells

Deguchi, Shinji; Fukamachi, Hiroyuki; Hashimoto, Ken; Iio, Kazushi; Tsujioka, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.07.003

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Finiteelement simulations have shown that cell-generated force depends strongly on both cell morphology [71] and FA area [40]. Despite this, a common assumption regarding force transfer between a cell and its underlying substrate used in finite-element simulations is the generation of tie constraints across the entire cell -substrate interface [34,72], while other studies have used single, arbitrarily assigned attachment rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org J. R. Soc. Interface 11: 20140885 sites [73,74] or attachment sites predicted through the internal tension profile of the cell [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell morphology and focal adhesion location alters internal cell stress

Mullen

Vaughan

Voisin

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Extracellular mechanical cues have been shown to have a profound effect on osteogenic cell behaviour. However, it is not known precisely how these cues alter intracellular mechanics to initiate changes in cell behaviour. In this study, a combination of in vitro culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and finiteelement modelling was used to investigate the effects of passive differences in substrate stiffness on intracellular mechanics. Cells on collagen-based substrates were classified based on the presence of cell processes and the dimensions of various cellular features were quantified. Focal adhesion (FA) density was quantified from immunohistochemical staining, while cell and substrate stiffnesses were measured using a live-cell atomic force microscope. Computational models of cell morphologies were developed using an applied contraction of the cell body to simulate active cell contraction. The results showed that FA density is directly related to cell morphology, while the effect of substrate stiffness on internal cell tension was modulated by both cell morphology and FA density, as investigated by varying the number of adhesion sites present in each morphological model. We propose that the cells desire to achieve a homeostatic stress state may play a role in osteogenic cell differentiation in response to extracellular mechanical cues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell morphology and focal adhesion location alters internal cell stress

Mullen

Vaughan

Voisin

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…2,3,14,16,17,23 For example, prestresses have induced cell stiffering, 23 and determined the vertical section structure of adhering cells. 2 The present model is capable of incorporating prestresses relatively easily by altering the natural state of AFs. A detailed investigation of the influence of prestresses on the mechanical nature of the cell is a future task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Spring Network Cell Model Based on a Minimum Energy Concept

et al. 2010

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We developed a mechano-cell model incorporating a cell membrane, a nuclear envelope, and actin filaments to simulate the mechanical behavior of a cell during tensile tests. The computational model depicts a cell as a combination of various spring elements in the framework of the minimum energy concept. A cell membrane and a nuclear envelope are both modeled as shells of a spring network that express elastic resistance to changes in bending, stretching, and surface area. A bundle of actin filaments is represented by a mechanical spring that generates a force as a function of its extension. The interaction between the nuclear envelope and the cell membrane is expressed by a potential energy function with respect to the distance between them. Incompressibility of a cell is assured by a volume elastic energy function. The cell shape during a tensile test is determined by a quasi-static approach, such that the total elastic energy converges to the minimum. The load-deformation curve obtained from the simulation shows a significant increase in stretching load with deformation of the cell and lies within a range of experimentally obtained load-deformation curves. The total elastic energy is dominated by the energy stored in the actin fibers. Actin fibers that are randomly oriented before loading tend to become aligned, passively, in the stretched direction. These results attribute the non-linearity in the load-deformation curve to passive reorientation of actin fibers in the stretched direction.

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“…By tracking the shadow of cells subject to horizontal rotations using a motor (Figures 3-5), we demonstrated that the surface geometry of the cells could be determined (Figure 6). Confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy are often used to measure cellular surface geometry [3][4][5]. While they are highly accurate, they have some limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current system was developed to analyze the surface structure of multiple cells adherent to a flat (glass or plastic) plate. Thus, while our rotation system is unable to identify intracellular structures with high resolution, it is particularly well suited for collecting large amounts of data on epithelial structure and changes in adherent cell height induced by pharmacologic agents [4,5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring surface geometry of adherent cells using oblique transillumination

Deguchi¹,

Bamba²

2011

ABB

Self Cite

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We present a new technique for estimating cell surface geometry. A dish supporting adherent cells is observed using oblique transillumination and rotated in the horizontal plane using a stepping motor. The stage rotation-dependent movements of the start and end points of a shadow formed behind the illuminated cells uniquely determine the relative height differences between points along the cell surface. Thus, using custom-made apparatuses and living endothelial cells, we demonstrate that the combination of a rotating stage and oblique lighting allows for the evaluation of three-dimensional surface geometry of adherent cells. As compared to confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy, which are commonly used for measuring cell surface geometry, this approach can be performed rapidly and is especially suitable for the observation of unstained cells over a large surface covering multiple cells at a time.

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Measurement and finite element modeling of the force balance in the vertical section of adhering vascular endothelial cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Cell morphology and focal adhesion location alters internal cell stress

Cell morphology and focal adhesion location alters internal cell stress

Proposed Spring Network Cell Model Based on a Minimum Energy Concept

Measuring surface geometry of adherent cells using oblique transillumination

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