Measurement and Modeling of the Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Brain

Afuwape, Oluwaponmile F.; Oya, Hiroyuki; Boes, Aaron D.; Jiles, David

doi:10.1109/tmag.2020.3008554

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Algorithms adopting alternate programming languages for field optimization [ 42 , 56 ], fast field calculation with neural networks [ 63 ], or other analytical methods [ 107 , 135 ] are scarcely present. Reconstructed 3D models with MRI images and TMS [ 41 , 136 ], including temperature analyses [ 137 ], and incorporating experimental validation of TMS fields [ 68 ] are also presented.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devices and Technology in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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The technology for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has significantly changed over the years, with important improvements in the signal generators, the coils, the positioning systems, and the software for modeling, optimization, and therapy planning. In this systematic literature review (SLR), the evolution of each component of TMS technology is presented and analyzed to assess the limitations to overcome. This SLR was carried out following the PRISMA 2020 statement. Published articles of TMS were searched for in four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, IEEE). Conference papers and other reviews were excluded. Records were filtered using terms about TMS technology with a semi-automatic software; articles that did not present new technology developments were excluded manually. After this screening, 101 records were included, with 19 articles proposing new stimulator designs (18.8%), 46 presenting or adapting coils (45.5%), 18 proposing systems for coil placement (17.8%), and 43 implementing algorithms for coil optimization (42.6%). The articles were blindly classified by the authors to reduce the risk of bias. However, our results could have been influenced by our research interests, which would affect conclusions for applications in psychiatric and neurological diseases. Our analysis indicates that more emphasis should be placed on optimizing the current technology with a special focus on the experimental validation of models. With this review, we expect to establish the base for future TMS technological developments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devices and Technology in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…The reasons for choosing this cuboid size are: firstly, if the size is too large, it will occupy more computing resources and prolong the calculation time; secondly, the model size should not be smaller than the peripheral size of the array coil to prevent the induced electric field distribution area from not representing the spatial distribution of the electric field of the array coil; finally, considering that deep brain stimulation usually occurs in the white matter and gray matter regions within the range of 15-35 mm of the brain. Based on the above reasons, the size positioning selected was 300 × 300 × 40 mm [36][37][38]. The other is a temporal interference multi-target magnetic stimulation sphere model, which has five layers, including scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid (csf), and gray matter, and can be used to simulate the induced electric field distribution in the human brain.…”

Section: Finite Element Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We selected 4 positions ( 1 2 3 4 ) in area 1 and area 2, respectively, to investigate the distribution of the induced electric field of the x component. The positions were (0, 26), (37,26), (0, 50), (0, −26). For the depth distribution of the induced electric field, the z-direction segmentation was carried out along the y-axis in Figure 4A to obtain the depth-induced electric field distribution of coils 1, 2, and 5, in physiological saline.…”

Section: Multi-target Temporal Interference Magnetic Stimulation In A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design of Array Coils for Multi-Target Adjustable Electromagnetic Brain Stimulation System

Wang

Yang

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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Temporal interference magnetic stimulation is a novel noninvasive deep brain neuromodulation technology that can solve the problem of balance between focus area and stimulation depth. However, at present, the stimulation target of this technology is relatively single, and it is difficult to realize the coordinated stimulation of multiple brain regions, which limits its application in the modulation of multiple nodes in the brain network. This paper first proposes a multi-target temporal interference magnetic stimulation system with array coils. The array coils are composed of seven coil units with an outer radius of 25 mm, and the spacing between coil units is 2 mm. Secondly, models of human tissue fluid and the human brain sphere are established. Finally, the relationship between the movement of the focus area and the amplitude ratio of the difference frequency excitation sources under time interference is discussed. The results show that in the case of a ratio of 1:5, the peak position of the amplitude modulation intensity of the induced electric field has moved 45 mm; that is, the movement of the focus area is related to the amplitude ratio of the difference frequency excitation sources. The conclusion is that multi-target temporal interference magnetic stimulation with array coils can simultaneously stimulate multiple network nodes in the brain region; rough positioning can be performed by controlling the conduction of different coils, fine-tuning the position by changing the current ratio of the conduction coils, and realizing accurate stimulation of multiple targets in the brain area.

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“…Current pulses pass through induction coils on the scalp to generate magnetic pulses and transmit them to the brain. Magnetic pulses delivered by the coil induce an electric field in the cortex, which activates neurons in the cerebral cortex (Ridding and Rothwell, 2007;Afuwape et al, 2021). Transcranial magnetic stimulation activates remote, interconnected parts of the brain in addition to targeted areas (Hallett et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism and effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke pain

Pan

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Post-stroke pain (PSP) is a common complication after stroke and affects patients' quality of life. Currently, drug therapy and non-invasive brain stimulation are common treatments for PSP. Given the poor efficacy of drug therapy and various side effects, non-invasive brain stimulation, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), has been accepted by many patients and attracted the attention of many researchers because of its non-invasive and painless nature. This article reviews the therapeutic effect of rTMS on PSP and discusses the possible mechanisms. In general, rTMS has a good therapeutic effect on PSP. Possible mechanisms of its analgesia include altering cortical excitability and synaptic plasticity, modulating the release of related neurotransmitters, and affecting the structural and functional connectivity of brain regions involved in pain processing and modulation. At present, studies on the mechanism of rTMS in the treatment of PSP are lacking, so we hope this review can provide a theoretical basis for future mechanism studies.

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Measurement and Modeling of the Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Brain

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Devices and Technology in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Systematic Review

Devices and Technology in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Systematic Review

Optimal Design of Array Coils for Multi-Target Adjustable Electromagnetic Brain Stimulation System

The mechanism and effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke pain

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