Measurement and monitoring of microwave reflection and transmission properties of cement-based specimens

Kharkovsky, Sergey; Akay, Mehmet Fatih; Hasar, Uğur Cem; Atiş, Cengiz Duran

doi:10.1109/tim.2002.808081

Cited by 109 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Some of these techniques are the Newton's method, 65 the Muller's method, 66 the Davidenko's method, 67 the Cauchy integral method, 68 genetic algorithms, sequential quadratic programming, and globalized Nelder-Mead methods, 69 and the graphical method. 11,30,70,71 In Subsection II C, we will apply the graphical method to demonstrate the possibility of unique 3 and 3 determination. After determination of 3 by a suitable technique, ε r3 can be uniquely calculated from the expression of 3 in Eq.…”

Section: B Reference-plane Invariant and Thicknessindependent Expresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this subsection, we will apply the graphical method 11,30,70,71 which shows, if any, the multiple-solutions problem, to analyze whether we can extract unique solution for 3 . In the application of the graphical method, an initial guess for 3 is substituted into Eqs.…”

Section: Numerical Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, our proposed method resolves this problem by using branch-index-independent expressions in Eqs. (9)- (11).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To meet this demand, many different broadband (non-resonant) techniques each with various advantages and disadvantages have been proposed in the literature (our interest in this study is characterization of materials at microwave frequencies). The most notable ones among these non-resonant techniques are open-ended (coaxial or waveguide) probes, 7,8 parallel-plate waveguide, 9 free-space measurement, 10,11 and transmissionline techniques (microstrip, waveguide, coaxial, etc.). [12][13][14] Aside from the advantages of these techniques, they have some definite drawbacks of which our main interest is their elimination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave method for reference-plane-invariant and thickness-independent permittivity determination of liquid materials

Hasar

Kaya

Bute

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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An attractive transmission-reflection method based on reference-plane invariant and thickness-independent expressions has been proposed for accurate and unique retrieval of complex permittivity of dielectric liquid samples. The method uses both branch-index-independent expressions and a restricted solution set for determining unique and fast complex permittivities. A 2D graphical method has been applied to demonstrate the operation and validation of the proposed method. A uncertainty analysis has been performed to monitor how the accuracy of the proposed method can be improved by a correct selection of sample holder properties. Scattering parameter measurements of two tested reference liquids (distilled water and methanol) have been carried out for comparison of various techniques with the proposed one when the reference-planes and sample thickness are not precisely known. We note from the comparison that whereas other techniques are seriously affected by imprecise knowledge of both reference-planes and sample thickness, the proposed method removes this restriction.

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Section: B Reference-plane Invariant and Thicknessindependent Expresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, our proposed method resolves this problem by using branch-index-independent expressions in Eqs. (9)- (11).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microwave method for reference-plane-invariant and thickness-independent permittivity determination of liquid materials

Hasar

Kaya

Bute

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…However, each of these approaches has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, microwave nondestructive testing and imaging techniques have been developed and applied to a variety of cement-based structures for the purpose of material property evaluation [3][4][5][6], detection of flaws and damages [7][8][9], and an evaluation of accelerated chloride ingress in mortar [10][11][12][13]. Microwave signals penetrate inside the dielectric materials such as concrete and mortar, and they are sensitive to interfaces and internal structural elements such as rebars.…”

Section: Application Of Microwave 3d Sar Imaging Technique For Evaluamentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of microwave 3D SAR imaging technique for evaluation of corrosion in steel rebars embedded in cement-based structures

Kharkovsky¹,

Case²,

Ghasr³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Intercomparison of gamma scattering, gammatography, and radiography techniques for mild steel nonuniform corrosion detection Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 035115 (2011); 10.1063/1.3562893 Calibration methods of a 2 GHz evanescent microwave magnetic probe for noncontact and nondestructive metal characterization for corrosion, defects, conductivity, and thickness nonuniformities Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 054701 (2005); 10.1063/1.1900683Microwave analysis of mortar prepared with type I/II, III and V cement and subjected to cyclical chloride exposure AIP Conf.ABSTRACT. This paper presents and discusses the attributes and results of using wideband microwave 3D SAR-based imaging technique for evaluation of reinforced cement-based structures. The technique was used to detect corrosion and thinning of reinforcing steel bars and its potential was demonstrated through experiments for different bar sizes, depth of rebar locations, and spacing between rebars. The results of a limited and preliminary investigation in which thinning of rebars with and without rust in two mortar samples were obtained at three frequency bands covering the frequency range from 8.2 GHz -26.5 GHz.

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Elimination of the multiple‐solutions ambiguity in permittivity extraction from transmission‐only measurements of lossy materials

Hasar

2008

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A simple yet powerful method is proposed for removing the multiple solutions problem in the complex permittivity, ϵ, determination from measured transmission scattering (S‐) parameter measurements of lossy materials. The method uses amplitude‐only measurements at two slightly separated frequencies to estimate an accurate initial guess. For this purpose, we derive a one‐variable objective function for fast evaluation, which lends itself to measurement automation. The method provides an estimation for real and imaginary parts of the ϵ, which can be utilized as a measure for checking the correctness of initial ϵ estimate. The method is very useful for band‐limited measurements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 337–341, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24048

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Measurement and monitoring of microwave reflection and transmission properties of cement-based specimens

Cited by 109 publications

References 7 publications

Microwave method for reference-plane-invariant and thickness-independent permittivity determination of liquid materials

Microwave method for reference-plane-invariant and thickness-independent permittivity determination of liquid materials

Application of microwave 3D SAR imaging technique for evaluation of corrosion in steel rebars embedded in cement-based structures

Elimination of the multiple‐solutions ambiguity in permittivity extraction from transmission‐only measurements of lossy materials

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