Measurement and Observation of Jet Thrust for Water Flow Through Micro-Orifice

Ushida, Akiomi; Hasegawa, Tomiichi; Hoshina, Takehiro; Kudou, Shouta; Uchiyama, Hiroshige; Narumi, Takatsune

doi:10.1115/1.4007014

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Water flows through small orifices (micro-orifice flows) are found in science, engineering, and many practical subjects, such as microfluidics [1,2,3,4], microfabrication [5], medical microbiology [6], biochemical analysis [7], microfluidic diagnostics [8], and drug delivery [9]. Micro-orifice flows have been investigated mainly in the field of fluid mechanics [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. Recently, however, it has been reported that micro-orifice flows present complicated problems that are difficult to solve solely by fluid mechanics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous organic synthesis in water around micro-orifices after flows

Hasegawa

Ono

Ushida

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Water flows through micro-orifices are important because they occur in various fields, such as biology, medical science, chemistry, and engineering. We have reported in previous work that organic matter was generated in micro-orifices after water flowed through the orifice, and we proposed that the organic matter was synthesized from nonorganic materials, including CO 2 and N 2 dissolved in water from air, and water via the action of hydroxyl radicals produced by the flow through the micro-orifice. In the present study, we examined whether organic materials are produced in the water outside of the orifices in addition to that in the orifice. We used the decrease in water volume to measure the organic synthesis because water should be consumed during the synthesis, and thus the decrease in water volume should reflect the organic synthesis. We let ultrapure water containing dissolved air flow through a micro-orifice as a pre-flow, we stopped the flow, and then we measured the volume of water enclosed in the mount in which the micro-orifice was set over more than 100 h. The volume of water decreased gradually and substantially over time. We used Raman and infrared spectroscopy to analyze the residue obtained by evaporating the water present around the orifice. The residue contained organic matter, including carotenoids, amides, esters, and sugars, which were similar to those found in the membranes generated in the orifice in our previous paper, suggesting that the organic matter was synthesized in a wide region of water around the orifice as well as in the orifice. These results may be relevant to the origins of life and biology, and may lead to the development of a technology for reducing CO 2 in air, as well as applications in many scientific and engineering fields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous organic synthesis in water around micro-orifices after flows

Hasegawa

Ono

Ushida

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…Micro-fluid mechanics is an important area of research in modern fluid mechanics because of its many potential applications in biology, medical science, engineering, and industry. However, flows through micro-orifices or short microtubes have been explored solely in relation to the flow properties [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic compounds generated after the flow of water through micro-orifices: Were they synthesized?

Hasegawa

Ushida

Gôda

et al. 2017

Heliyon

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Micro-fluid mechanics is an important area of research in modern fluid mechanics because of its many potential industrial and biological applications. However, the field is not fully understood yet. In previous work, when passing ultrapure water (UPW) in which air was dissolved (UPW*) through micro-orifices, we found that the flow velocity decreased and stopped over time, and membranes were frequently formed in the orifice when the flow stopped. The membrane came from the dissolved air in UPW*, and membrane formation was closely related to electric charges generated in orifices by the flow. In the present paper, we clarified the components of the membrane and suggested a mechanism for membrane formation. We examined the effect of contaminants on the membrane formation and confirmed our previous results. We identified the chemical components of the membrane and those present in the UPW* itself by using an electron probe microanalyzer and found that the proportion of each element differed between the membrane and UPW*. Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy showed that the membrane consisted of organic substances such as carotenoids, amides, esters, and sugars. We irradiated UPW* with ultraviolet light to cut organic chains that may be left in UPW* as contaminants. We found a similar membrane and organic compounds as in nonirradiated UPW*. Furthermore, although the UPW that was kept from contact with air after it was supplied from the UPW maker (UPW0) and bubbled with Ar gas (UPW0 bubbled with Ar) formed no membrane, the UPW0 bubbled with CO2 formed thin membranes, and Raman and IR analysis showed that this membrane contained carboxylic acid salts, carotenoids, or a mixture of both. We found that electric grounding of the orifice reduces the probability of membrane formation and that the jets issuing from an aperture bear negative charges, and we assumed that the micro-orifices possess positive charges generated by flows. Consequently, we suggest that organic compounds are synthesized from nonorganic matter in air or CO2 dissolved in water by the action of hydroxyl radicals generated by flows through micro-orifices.

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“…3). Zhang, et al, 2005, Tuan and Mizunuma, 2013a, 2013b, Saeki, 2014 Ethoquad Hasegawa, et al, 2007, Ushida, et al., 2012b T m Hasegawa, et al, 2007, Ushida, et al, 2012b 30 % D = 1.52 mm L = 140 mm D = 450 µm L = 55.0 mm SUS304 4(a),…”

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1075 Pseudo-Laminarization of Surfactant Solutions in Capillary Flows

Ushida¹,

Akira²,

Tomiihi³

et al. 2013

ICJWSF

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Wormlike micelle surfactant solutions showed turbulent drag reduction effects in pipe flows. It was well-known that SIS (Shear Induced Structure), reported in previous studies, made them. However, inner diameters (characteristic length) of pipes used in the previous studies were in the order of millimeter. Thus, shear rates were limited to the order of 10 4 s −1 at a maximum. In the present study, flow properties of water and wormlike micelle surfactant solutions were investigated at higher shear rates using capillaries whose inner diameters ranged from 133 µm to 2.87 mm. Because the observed Reynolds number estimated for the micron-sized capillaries ranged from 10 2 to 10 4 , drag reduction effects were observed as a pseudo-laminarization, which is a phenomenon that transition from laminar flows to turbulent flows with the increase in the Reynolds number delays. Viscosity measurements using a capillary method indicated that the surfactant solution used in the present study had non-Newtonian viscosity. Therefore, the Reynolds number of the surfactant solution flow was estimated by the generalized Reynolds number. By using a jet thrust method, elastic properties of wormlike micelle surfactant solutions were measured in the corresponding to the viscosity measurement. For water, the resultant pressure drops (the frictional coefficient of pipes) agreed with both the prediction of laminar flows and the Blasius expression. diameters. In other words, these results suggested that the pseudo-laminarization was occurred in the capillary flows. Moreover, the relationship between the shear rate at which the surfactant viscosity asymptotically approached to the water one and the transition to turbulent flows was discussed to clarify their correlation.

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Measurement and Observation of Jet Thrust for Water Flow Through Micro-Orifice

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Continuous organic synthesis in water around micro-orifices after flows

Continuous organic synthesis in water around micro-orifices after flows

Organic compounds generated after the flow of water through micro-orifices: Were they synthesized?

1075 Pseudo-Laminarization of Surfactant Solutions in Capillary Flows

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