Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis for Graphics Processor Units

Berezovskyi, Kostiantyn; Guet, Fabrice; Santinelli, Luca; Bletsas, Konstantinos; Tovar, Eduardo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30695-7_17

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Reghenzani, et al . Given a certain statistical test identified by its statistic function D(•), a time trace X , an estimated distribution G, and the critical value 3 CV , its test result function is defined as:…”

Section: Definitions and Basic Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D4) A time trace of a GPU application running under different execution conditions. The dataset is the same as in [3].…”

Section: Experimental Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…□ ✓ Weibull (ξ < 0) To find the region R it is necessary to explore the parameter space around the estimated dis-tributionP. We have begun by uniformly exploring 40 points around each parameter, leading to a total number of 40 3 = 64 000 explorations. The initial interval has been set to ±10% of the estimated value and it was step-by-step increased to include the whole region.…”

Section: D1 D2 D3 D4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dealing with Uncertainty in pWCET Estimations

Reghenzani

Santinelli

Fornaciari

2020

ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.

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The problem of estimating a tight and safe Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET), needed for certification in safety-critical environment, is a challenging problem for modern embedded systems. A possible solution proposed in last years is to exploit statistical tools to obtain a probability distribution of the WCET. These probabilistic real-time analyses for WCET are however subject to errors, even when all the applicability hypotheses are satisfied and verified. This is caused by the uncertainties of the probabilistic-WCET distribution estimator. This article aims at improving the measurement-based probabilistic timing analysis approach providing some techniques to analyze and deal with such uncertainties. The so-called region of acceptance model based on state-of-the-art statistical test procedures is defined over the distribution space parameters. From this model, a set of strategies is derived and discussed, to provide the methodology to deal with the trade-off safety/tightness of the WCET estimation. These techniques are then tested over real datasets, including industrial safety-critical applications, to show the increased value of using the proposed approach in probabilistic WCET analyses.

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Section: Definitions and Basic Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D4) A time trace of a GPU application running under different execution conditions. The dataset is the same as in [3].…”

Section: Experimental Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D1 D2 D3 D4mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dealing with Uncertainty in pWCET Estimations

Reghenzani

Santinelli

Fornaciari

2020

ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…This observation led to the definition of well-structured approaches to apply statistical tests on the sample data and to assess the goodness of model fitting [35]. This has paved the way for the application of EVT tools to programs running on deterministic (i.e., non-randomized) hardware [6], [36]. However, this use fails to account for the role and importance of randomization in sustaining the representativeness of inputs.…”

Section: Probability Distribution Of Multi-path Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On uses of extreme value theory fit for industrial-quality WCET analysis

Milutinović

Mezzetti

Abella

et al. 2017

2017 12th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES)

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Abstract-Over the last few years, considerable interest has arisen in measurement-based probabilistic timing analysis. The term MBPTA has been used to indistinctly refer to a variety of different applications of Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to the timing analysis problem. The successful application of MBPTA techniques to a score of case studies has not fully dispelled the concerns that industrial stakeholders had with the quality of the computed bounds, hence ultimately with their industrial viability. Placing focus on the MBPTA methods and techniques developed in the PROARTIS and PROXIMA projects, collectively referred to as proMBPTA, we discuss the main misconceptions and pitfalls that can prevent a sound application of EVT-based WCET analysis. Using a combination of arguments and support examples, we show that proMBPTA is a rigorous process, fully amenable to sound and sustainable industrial use.

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“…Statistical support. Recent statistical approaches to timing analysis [14,20,35,9] seem to offer a promising alternative to conventional deterministic techniques, when coping with the inherently huge variability and non-determinism of AD solutions, as those deployed in the Apollo framework. The timing behavior of AD systems is better described by an execution time distribution rather than a single value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Autonomous Driving Software: Problem Analysis and Prospects for Future Solutions

Alcon

Tabani

Kosmidis

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)

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The software used to implement advanced functionalities in critical domains (e.g. autonomous operation) impairs software timing. This is not only due to the complexity of the underlying high-performance hardware deployed to provide the required levels of computing performance, but also due to the complexity, non-deterministic nature, and huge input space of the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms used. In this paper, we focus on Apollo, an industrial-quality Autonomous Driving (AD) software framework: we statistically characterize its observed execution time variability and reason on the sources behind it. We discuss the main challenges and limitations in finding a satisfactory software timing analysis solution for Apollo and also show the main traits for the acceptability of statistical timing analysis techniques as a feasible path. While providing a consolidated solution for the software timing analysis of Apollo is a huge effort far beyond the scope of a single research paper, our work aims to set the basis for future and more elaborated techniques for the timing analysis of AD software.

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Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis for Graphics Processor Units

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Dealing with Uncertainty in pWCET Estimations

Dealing with Uncertainty in pWCET Estimations

On uses of extreme value theory fit for industrial-quality WCET analysis

Timing of Autonomous Driving Software: Problem Analysis and Prospects for Future Solutions

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