Measurement of antibodies to avian influenza virus A(H7N7) in humans by hemagglutination inhibition test

Pandemic influenza planning: Shouldn’t swine and poultry workers be included?

“…Studies of avian influenza virus transmission among the poultry-exposed have been more technically difficult to conduct due to the poor performance and complexity of serological assays [16,17]. Serologic studies of humans exposed to diseased poultry have often been negative.…”

“…Retrospective seroprevalence studies among Hong Kong bird market workers in 1997 and 1998 showed that 10% had evidence of H5N1 infection [18]. In addition, 49% of 508 poultry cullers, as well as 64% of 63 persons exposed to H7N7 infected humans, had serological evidence of H7N7 infection following the 2003 Netherlands poultry outbreak [16]. A recent serological study of US duck hunters and wildlife biologists exposed to ducks and geese identified several subjects with elevated antibody titers against H11 viruses [19].…”

Protective measures and human antibody response during an avian influenza H7N3 outbreak in poultry in British Columbia, Canada

“…12,14 Antibody to the H7 subtype could not be found in the sera of exposed people by routine hemagglutination inhibition assay but was detected in half of 500 people tested by a modified hemagglutination inhibition approach. 13,[15][16][17] Between Feb. 17 and May 18, 2004, an outbreak of avian influenza due to an H7N3 subtype occurred among poultry in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada. The source of the virus was never determined.…”

Effect of biosecurity measures and early detection systems, mitigation measures and surveillance strategies on the spread of HPAI and LPAI between farms

“…The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. (Marchenko et al, 2012) Study population (Mase and Kawaoka, 2005) Language (Mathur et al, 2014) Study population (Max et al, 2007) Territory (Mehrabanpour et al, 2008) Not relevant outcomes (Meijer et al, 2006) Study population (Mesonero et al, 2011) Not relevant outcomes (Middleton et al, 2007) Not relevant outcomes (Miko et al, 2013) Territory (Mølbak et al, 2006) Not relevant outcomes (Molesti et al, 2014) Not relevant outcomes (Monke, 2006) Not relevant outcomes (Monne et al, 2014) Not relevant outcomes (Mostafa et al, 2015) Not relevant outcomes Not relevant outcomes (Munasinghe et al, 2008) Study population (Munster et al, 2007) Study population Not relevant outcomes (Munyua et al, 2013) Territory (Murray and Morse, 2011) Territory (Musa et al, 2009) Territory (Naeem et al, 2007) Territory (Nagarajan et al, 2009) Territory (Nagy et al, 2012) Not relevant outcomes (Nandy and Basak, 2015) Territory (Nasreen et al, 2013) Territory (Nelli et al, 2012) Study population (Nemr et al, 2014) Territory (Neumann et al, 2010) Territory (Newman et al, 2009) Territory (Nguyen et al, 2011) Study population (Nguyen-Van-Tam and Sellwood, 2007) Study population (Nili et al, 2008) Not relevant outcomes (Ninomiya et al, 2007) Not relevant outcomes (NISHIJIMA and UMEDA, 2006) Language (Normile, 2005a) Not relevant outcomes ...…”