Measurement of band offsets and shunt resistance in CdTe solar cells through temperature and intensity dependence of open circuit voltage and photoluminescence

Swartz, C. H.; Rab, Sadia R.; Paul, Sanjoy; Hest, Maikel F.A.M. van; Dou, Benjia; Luther, Joseph M.; Pach, Gregory F.; Grice, Corey R.; Li, Dengbing; Bista, Sandip S.; LeBlanc, Elizabeth G.; Reese, Matthew O.; Holtz, M.; Myers, T. H.; Yan, Yanfa; Li, Jian V.

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.057

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…98 It was expected that a two-dimensional electron gas can form at the PbTe/CdTe (111) interface, probably increasing recombination but no experimental solar cell results were available until the work of Swartz et al (2019). 99 They found that despite indications that the CdTe/PbTe:Tl contact was Ohmic, that the PbTe:Tl layer also appeared to be photoconductive. Cells were shunted-limiting the PCE to 9%.…”

Section: Group IV Telluridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calnan ( 2008) 147 looked at the optical transmission of indium-doped metal oxides for front and back contacts to CdTe absorber cells, 148 99 using an ITO/Au back contact on a CdTe nanoparticle treated CdTe absorber obtained PCE 14.7% with other J-V parameters not explicitly stated.…”

Section: Indium Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swartz et al (2019), 99 in a set of experiments using CdTe nanoparticles as cavity fillers in CSS-grown CdTe absorber devices, tried another proven perovskite hole contact material, spin-coated EH44 (2,7-Di(N,N-dimethoxyphenylamino)-N-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole), as an interlayer between CdTe and a gold metallization achieving PCE 15%. EH44 is believed to have a glass transition temperature of only 69°C (lower than spiro-OMeTAD) but unencapsulated perovskite stability at 50ۜ°C was improved with EH44 compared to spiro-OMeTAD).…”

Section: Organic Materials As Back Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Back contacts materials used in thin film CdTe solar cells—A review

Hall

Lamb

Irvine

2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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Section: Group IV Telluridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indium Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organic Materials As Back Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Back contacts materials used in thin film CdTe solar cells—A review

Hall

Lamb

Irvine

2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…Doctor-blading has also been used to deposit active layers in perovskite solar cells and in organic solar cells . CdTe NCs have been doctor-bladed on top of a vapor-phase deposited CdTe layer to reduce surface roughness and pinholes . However, there is yet to be any report on a completely R2R-friendly solution deposition of the CdTe active layer with a high PCE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roll-To-Roll Friendly Solution-Processing of Ultrathin, Sintered CdTe Nanocrystal Photovoltaics

Kurley

Pan

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Roll-to-roll (R2R) device fabrication using solution-processed materials is a cheap and versatile approach that has attracted widespread interest over the past 2 decades. Here, we systematically introduce and investigate R2R-friendly modifications in the fabrication of ultrathin, sintered CdTe nanocrystal (NC) solar cells. These include (1) scalable deposition techniques such as spray-coating and doctor-blading, (2) a bath-free, controllable sintering of CdTe NCs by quantitative addition of a sintering agent, and (3) radiative heating with an infrared lamp. The impact of each modification on the CdTe nanostructure and solar cell performance was first independently studied and compared to the standard, non-R2R-friendly procedure involving spincoating the NCs, soaking in a CdCl 2 bath, and annealing on a hot plate. The R2R-friendly techniques were then combined into a single, integrated process, yielding devices that reach 10.4% power conversion efficiency with a V oc , J sc , and FF of 697 mV, 22.2 mA/ cm 2 , and 67%, respectively, after current/light soaking. These advances reduce the barrier for large-scale manufacturing of solutionprocessed, ultralow-cost solar cells on flexible or curved substrates.

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“…The actual J-V curve of a CdTe thin-film solar cell shows: (1) in the low forward bias region, the current changes with photon flux, (2) the photo-carrier collection depending on the voltage applied, and (3) in some of the devices with large ohmic series resistance and poor performance, the S-kink behavior [11,12]. To unveil the reason, there is much literature that reports the bulk and interfacial recombination from both experiments and calculations [13][14][15], involving complicated and interdependent physical elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Model for Voltage-Dependent Photocurrent Collection in CdTe Solar Cells

Zhao

Chin

2021

Energies

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The classic solar cell model assumes that the photo-generated current is a constant, independent of the cell’s output voltage. Experimental data of CdTe solar cells, however, show that the photocurrent collection efficiency decreases with the increase of the cell’s output voltage. In this work, we proposed a theoretical model for the CdTe thin-film cell, which assumes that the loss of photocurrent in the CdTe absorber is primarily due to the minority carrier recombination in the neutral region and at the back contact. By solving the neutral region’s diffusion equation, with proper boundary conditions, we have obtained the analytical expressions of the photocurrent collection efficiency and the cell’s J-V performance. Our theoretical results agree well with the experimental data. According to our theoretical model, the CdTe thin-film solar cell has an optimized p-doping level. A higher doping density may not be always good for a CdTe solar cell due to the reduced depletion width and decreased photocurrent at normal operation voltage, although the higher doping density can improve the open-circuit voltage by increasing built-in voltage.

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Measurement of band offsets and shunt resistance in CdTe solar cells through temperature and intensity dependence of open circuit voltage and photoluminescence

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Back contacts materials used in thin film CdTe solar cells—A review

Back contacts materials used in thin film CdTe solar cells—A review

Roll-To-Roll Friendly Solution-Processing of Ultrathin, Sintered CdTe Nanocrystal Photovoltaics

A Theoretical Model for Voltage-Dependent Photocurrent Collection in CdTe Solar Cells

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