“…Several synthesis methods have been developed for the fabrication of pure and doped zinc oxide nanoparticles such as chemical co-precipitation [22], combustion synthesis [23], spray pyrolysis [24], hydrothermal [25], thermal plasma [26], sonochemical [27], sol-gel [28], etc. As compared to the other techniques, the sol-gel route produces oxide nanoparticles at a lower cost, shorter time duration, and best control on the shape and size of the particles [29,30].…”