Measurement of Entrance Skin Doses to Patients in Four Common Diagnostic Examinations by Thermoluminescence Dosimetry in Nigeria

Ajayi, I. R.; Akinwumiju, A.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033001

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…In Nigeria, most of the studies on patient dosimetry in routine X‐ray examinations are usually dosimeter‐based measurement of either ESD or effective dose. ( 7 , 8 , 9 ) However, the dose area product received by patients during the examination procedure is not known. This present study is aimed at measuring dose area product received by patients undergoing common radiological examinations in some diagnostic centers in Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of dose area product received by patients undergoing common radiological examinations in four centers in Nigeria

Akinlade

Farai

Okunade

2012

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Patient dosimetry studies in diagnostic radiology in Nigeria have been on measurement of entrance skin dose and effective dose. Another important and easy to measure radiation dose descriptor that could be used to assess patient dose in radiological procedures is dose area product (DAP). Knowledge of DAP with location and projection of X‐ray beam allows direct calculation of organ dose and effective dose. In this study, DAP for commonly performed radiological examinations (abdomen, chest, lumbo sacral joint, pelvis, paranasal sinus, and skull) in four diagnostic centers in Nigeria were determined. These centers comprise of three classes of health care center namely tertiary, private, and specialist hospitals. Mathematical method was used to determine DAP received by 336 patients undergoing radiological examinations at the selected diagnostic centers. The DAP received by patient from each radiological examination varies from center to center. The range factor (RF) of DAP for individual patients ranged from 1.55–4.56, while RF of DAP among the selected centers was 2.27–55.84. The highest RF of DAP (55.84) was obtained from X‐ray examination of the chest. This variation was due to the application of anti‐scatter grid, and high kVp and high mAs values for chest examination by only one of the centers. The very wide variation in DAP found among diagnostic centers in this survey showed that there is need to harmonize radiological techniques of common X‐ray examination among different diagnostic centers. This would ensure optimal protection of patient against excessive radiation dose.PACS numbers: 87.53.Bn; 87.59.B

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of dose area product received by patients undergoing common radiological examinations in four centers in Nigeria

Akinlade

Farai

Okunade

2012

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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“…It has also been estimated that diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine procedures contribute 88% of dose to the collective effective dose from man-made sources of radiation in the United State of America [2]. Patient's doses from medical X-ray examination in Nigeria as reported by [3] have shown large inter -and intra-hospital variations for similar radiological examinations. Recent in vitro experiments support the hypothesis that the radiation environment of space could also contribute to the long-term physiological changes astronauts experience after missions [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage Estimation in Mammography for Quality Assurance and Quality Control Using Adult Mammograms

Ojo¹

2018

RST

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Any form of X-ray exposure should be carefully monitored and controlled, so that the patient is only exposed to safe amounts. Even though X-ray users are extremely careful when exposing their patients to diagnostic tests, where radiation is involved, it is important to bear in mind how low the risks really are, especially when compared to other forms of radiation exposure. As with any kind of medical procedure, X-rays are safe when they are used properly. When clinically indicated, properly conducted imaging with the smallest risk should be performed. In this study, the optical densities, OD, of adult mammograms, undergoing X-ray exposures was measured from the radiology department of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, with the aid of a densitometer, model MA 5336. The measured optical densities were used to estimate the X-ray radiation dose to patients, undergoing mammography, for the purpose of Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC), in diagnostic and screening. A total of fifty (50) adult mammograms were collected for use in the radiology department of the hospital. The optical densities were measured five times at different spots across the image of each of the mammograms and the mean were obtained, in other to estimate the absorbed dose. The results obtained showed that the mean dose was 0.48 mGy, minimum dose 0.04 mGy, maximum dose 1.07 mGy, range of dose 1.03 mGy, SD 0.24, kurtosis 2.77, 1 st Q 0.34 and 3 rd Q 0.66. These results were in agreement with those of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), guidance levels in X-ray guided medical interventional procedures.

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“…[1], [2], [4] .Diagnostic reference levels, provides a practical system that allows hospitals (Radiology Department) to compare their radiation doses delivered to patients. To achieve this, the dose must be expressed in terms of dose quantities that are clearly defined and can be calculated from readily available exposure parameters [5], [6], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…United Kingdom [14], [15] .Diagnostic Radiography examination play an important role in the health care of the population in Nigeria and world Wide. These examinations may involve significant irradiation of the patient and probably represent the largest manmade source of radiation exposure for the population [1], [3], [ 5] . X-ray is said to be the major contribution to the collective effective dose of the general public (Personnel and patient) [3], [15], [30] The need for radiation dose assessment of the patient during diagnostic X-ray examination has been highlighted by increasing knowledge of hazard of radiation protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale for Implementing Dose Reference Level as a Quality Assurance Tool in Medical Radiography in Nigeria

Dlama¹,

Chinedu²,

Favious³

et al. 2014

IOSRJDMS

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Measurement of Entrance Skin Doses to Patients in Four Common Diagnostic Examinations by Thermoluminescence Dosimetry in Nigeria

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Survey of dose area product received by patients undergoing common radiological examinations in four centers in Nigeria

Survey of dose area product received by patients undergoing common radiological examinations in four centers in Nigeria

Dosage Estimation in Mammography for Quality Assurance and Quality Control Using Adult Mammograms

Rationale for Implementing Dose Reference Level as a Quality Assurance Tool in Medical Radiography in Nigeria

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