Measurement of Evapotranspiration in Turfgrass: A Comparison of Techniques

Abstract

Core Ideas Evapotranspiration from ASCEDM, ASCEDC was equivalent to lysimeters. Net radiation from global irradiance is sufficient in daily‐step model in absence of measured net radiation. ASCEDC improves irrigation scheduling in turfgrass when measured net radiation is not available. Evapotranspiration (ET) from turfgrass can be measured directly using lysimeters (LYS), estimated from weather data using models, or approximated using atmometers. Evapotranspiration measurements from LYS were compared with ET estimates from the American Society of Civel Engineers standardized ET equation using hourly steps from measured net radiation (Rn) (ASCEHM) and Rn calculated from global irradiance (ASCEHC), and daily steps from measured net radiation (ASCEDM) and Rn calculated from global irradiance (ASCEDC), the Priestley–Taylor (PT) model, and atmometers, all collocated in a sward of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) turfgrass near Manhattan, KS. Data were collected on precipitation free days during the growing seasons 2010 through 2012 and analyzed by periods with high ET, low ET, and pooled across all days. Overall mean ET (May–October) ranged from 5.58 (LYS) to 4.47 mm d−1 (ASCEHC). During days with high evaporative demand ET from daily‐step models (ASCEDM, ASCEDC) were equivalent to LYS, based on paired t tests. Similarity in ET among LYS, ASCEDM, and ASCEDC indicate using Rn calculated from global irradiance is sufficient in the daily‐step model in the absence of measured Rn. At high ET rates ET from ASCEHM and PT was 5 to 9% lower than LYS, but accuracy was significantly reduced (by 22%) with ASCEHC. Atmometer ET averaged 17% lower than LYS, but performance was better at low than high ET. Results indicate the ASCEDC could improve irrigation scheduling in turfgrass by providing accurate ET estimates from standard weather station data where measured Rn is not available.

Estimating Transpiration from Turfgrass Using Stomatal Conductance Values Derived from Infrared Thermometry

“…All meteorological data were recorded at 1 Hz on a datalogger (CR1000, Campbell Scientific, Inc.), averaged, and stored at 30-min intervals. Evapotranspiration was measured using microlysimeter data from a concurrent study (Peterson, 2017). Intact cores of tall fescue turfgrass were obtained at the study site and placed in each of three microlysimeters used in the study.…”

“…On successive mornings during measurements periods, lysimeters were weighed (24 h mass), and water was added to bring them back to the initial lysimeter mass. Additional details about lysimeter deployment and calculations of LYS ET can be found in Peterson (2017).…”

“…Evapotranspiration was measured using microlysimeter data from a concurrent study (Peterson, 2017). Intact cores of tall fescue turfgrass were obtained at the study site and placed in each of three microlysimeters used in the study.…”

Cool‐season golf course fairway species irrigation requirements under limited irrigation

“…Weather stations can calculate ET o rates using the Penman–Monteith equation or the Priestley–Taylor method to assist in irrigation management (Peterson et al., 2017). Irrigation replacement below 100% ET o has not shown significant loss in turfgrass quality, with maintained acceptable turf quality of cool‐season turfgrass species at 80% ET o replacement (Baird et al., 2009; Braun et al., 2022a; Braun et al., 2022b; Brown & Kopec, 2014; DaCosta & Huang 2006a; Ervin et al., 2009; Hong et al., 2021; Kneebone et al., 1992; Meyer & Gibeault, 1987; Shearman, 1986).…”

Evapotranspiration of Technical Substrates – Methodology for Calculating Evapotranspiration of Technical Substrates

“…Concerning plants, studies show that the mean evapotranspiration of turfgrass from May to October is between 4.6 and 5.6 mm/day (Peterson et al 2017). It can be mentioned that sun flowers transpire about 1 litre per day during a summer day (Weiler, Nover, and Nultsch 2008).…”