Measurement of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Humans and Animals

Bernareggi, Micaela; Cremona, George

doi:10.1006/pupt.1999.0216

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Chemiluminescence is the most recently proposed technique for this purpose and has given rise to numerous insightful reports, many of which are referenced in Ref. 5. Based on these reports, the American Thoracic Society has proposed standardized breath-collection procedures and the European Respiratory Society has stated that eNO serves as a valid biological marker of airway inflammation and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Although en-dogenous and exogenous water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ammonia can contribute to inaccurate eNO measurements with chemiluminescence instruments, 9 the reasons mentioned above are most likely responsible for the large variations of results reported in various clinical studies. 5 Because of the complexity of breath collection by chemiluminescence, the technique is not recommended for children younger than 8 years of age. Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy are selective and sensitive but cannot perform rapid trace-gas measurements, which are desired for clinical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitric oxide breath testing by tunable-diode laser absorption spectroscopy: application in monitoring respiratory inflammation

Roller¹,

Namjou²,

Jeffers³

et al. 2002

Appl. Opt.

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We used a high-resolution mid-IR tunable-laser absorption spectroscopy (TLAS) system with a single IV-VI laser operating near 5.2 microm to measure the level of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in human breath. A method of internal calibration using simultaneous eNO and exhaled CO2 measurements eliminated the need for system calibration with gas standards. The results observed from internally calibrating the instrument for eNO measurements were compared with measurements of eNO calibrated to gas standards and were found to be similar. Various parameters of the TLAS system for eNO breath testing were examined and include gas cell pressure, exhalation time, and ambient NO concentrations. A reduction in eNO from elevated concentrations (approximately 44 parts in 10(9)) to near-normal levels (<20 parts in 10(9)) from an asthmatic patient was observed after the patient had received treatment with an inhaled glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory medication. Such measurements can help in evaluating airway inflammation and in monitoring the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory therapies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide breath testing by tunable-diode laser absorption spectroscopy: application in monitoring respiratory inflammation

Roller¹,

Namjou²,

Jeffers³

et al. 2002

Appl. Opt.

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“…Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) has been proposed as a non-speci¢c bio-marker in animals and humans (1). Low eNO levels have been reported in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2), especially in patients with cor pulmonale (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled nitric oxide and exercise tolerance in severe COPD patients

Clini¹,

Bianchi²,

Foglio³

et al. 2002

Respiratory Medicine

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To answer the question as to whether pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRP) induced increase in exercise tolerance (ET) is associated with increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in COPD patients of different degrees of severity, we designed a prospective and controlled study. Forty-seven stable COPD patients underwent an 8-week outpatient multidisciplinary PRP including supervised incremental exercise. Fractional eNO concentration (FE(NO)) and peak work-rate (W(peak) were assessed baseline (T-1), atthe end of 1-month run-in period (T0), and after (T1) the PRP. Lung function, walking test, health-related quality of life (HRQL) were also recorded. Patients were divided into three groups according to disease severity: 17 severe [FEV1 35 (5)% pred] COPD patients, seven of them with cor pulmonale; 15 mild [FEV1 78 (6)% pred], and 15 moderate [FEV1 56 (6)% pred] COPD patients. FE(NO) did not differ at T-1 and T0 (mean absolute change (SD): 0.03 (0.09) 95% CI-0.01, 0.16, 0.06 (1.03) 95% CI 0.03, 0.75 and 0.05 (0.06) 95% CI 0.02, 0.11 ppb in mild, moderate and severe patients, respectively). As compared to T0, both W(peak) (by 17,15 and 10%, respectively) and FE(NO) (by 29, 24 and 16%, respectively) significantly increased in all groups, but not in patients with cor pulmonale. A significant correlation between pre- and post-PRP changes in Wpeak and FE(NO) was found both in mild to moderate (r = 0.79, P < 0.00001) and severe (r = 0.76, P < 0.001) COPD patients. After a PRP, improvement in ET is associated with an increase in eNO also in most severe COPD patients, but not in those with cor pulmonale.

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“…It plays a role in airway inf lammatory diseases, respiratory tract infections, neurotransmission, vascular regulation, and host defense. 1 Clinical measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) have been shown to be useful for noninvasively diagnosing inf lammatory-related diseases. 2 -5 Chemiluminescence is at present the most commonly used technique for measuring eNO.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous NO and CO_2 measurement in human breath with a single IV–VI mid-infrared laser

Roller¹,

Namjou²,

Jeffers³

et al. 2002

Opt. Lett.

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A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) system equipped with a IV-VI mid-IR laser operating near 5.2>mu;m was used to measure exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) simultaneously in human breath over a single exhalation. Breath was sampled in real time, and eNO levels were measured from seven volunteers, two steroid-naive asthmatics and five nonasthmatics. Measured CO(2) levels were used as an internal standard to verify correct breath collection and calculate eNO values. Calculated eNO concentrations agreed well with reported values for asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals.

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Measurement of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Humans and Animals

Cited by 19 publications

References 192 publications

Nitric oxide breath testing by tunable-diode laser absorption spectroscopy: application in monitoring respiratory inflammation

Nitric oxide breath testing by tunable-diode laser absorption spectroscopy: application in monitoring respiratory inflammation

Exhaled nitric oxide and exercise tolerance in severe COPD patients

Simultaneous NO and CO_2 measurement in human breath with a single IV–VI mid-infrared laser

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