Measurement of inflammatory cytokines by multicytokine assay in tears of patients with glaucoma topically treated with chronic drugs

Malvitte, L.; Montange, Thomas; Véjux, Anne; Baudouin, Christophe; Bron, Alain M.; Creuzot‐Garcher, Catherine; Lizard, Gérard

doi:10.1136/bjo.2006.101485

Cited by 110 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Mochizuki et al (2012) found that oxidative stress significantly stabilizes IL-8 mRNAs in human trabecular meshwork cells. Similar conclusions have been obtained in other studies (Malvitte et al, 2007;Luna et al, 2009). However, we observed that IL-8 was down-regulated in astrocytes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes associated with glaucoma from DNA microarray data

Zang

Jiang

2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Microarray data of astrocytes extracted from the optic nerves of donors with and without glaucoma were analyzed to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional exploration with bioinformatic tools was then used to understand the roles of the identified DEGs in glaucoma. Microarray data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which contains 13 astrocyte samples, 6 from healthy subjects and 7 from patients suffering from glaucoma. Data were pre-processed, and DEGs were screened out using R software packages. Interactions between DEGs were identified, and networks were built using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING). GENECODIS was utilized for the functional analysis of the DEGs, and GOTM was used for module division, for which functional annotation was conducted with the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). A total of 371 DEGs were identified between glaucoma-associated samples and normal samples. Three modules included in the PPID database were generated with 11, 12, and 2 significant functional annotations, including immune system processes, inflammatory responses, and synaptic vesicle endocytosis, respectively. We found that the most significantly enriched functions for each module were associated with immune function. Several genes that play interesting roles in the development of glaucoma are described; these genes may be potential biomarkers for glaucoma diagnosis or treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes associated with glaucoma from DNA microarray data

Zang

Jiang

2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…The majority of medications used by our patients have varying concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BAK). Even in low concentrations BAK can trigger apoptosis in human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells and it can cause chronic stromal inflammation [23][24][25]. As a detergent, it disrupts the tear film after only a single drop [26] and with the chronic use decreases the density of goblet cells in the conjunctival epithelium [27] which are producing mucous layer of the tear film.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Ocular Surface Disease in Patients with Glaucoma using Topical Antiglaucoma Medications

Barišić¹

2014

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To establish the prevalence of ocular surface disease (OSD) in glaucoma patients using topical intraocular pressure-lowering (IOP) therapy and to compare the frequency and severity of symptoms with the control group of normal subjects. Methods:This prospective, multicenter, observational study included patients with glaucoma in four different Departments of Ophthalmology. A matched group of normal subjects served as controls. For each patient we have collected detailed family history, clinical records and calculated ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores (0-100), based on the information obtained from OSDI questionnaires. Results:In total, we have evaluated 160 patients. Of those, 110 were glaucoma patients and 50 were normal subjects. Among 110 glaucoma treated patients 83 (75%) had OSDI scores indicating mild to severe OSD. Among 50 patients without glaucoma 15 (30%) had OSDI score indicating mostly mild to moderate OSD. The severity of symptoms correlates with the number of IOP medications used and the duration of treatment. Conclusion:This study confirms the high prevalence of OSD in patients treated for glaucoma with topical IOP medications. The adverse effect of these agents can influence the compliance and successful treatment of glaucoma patients.

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“…5 BAK can be toxic to the ocular surface by causing inflammatory changes in the ocular surface, such as infiltration of the conjunctiva by macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells, and fibroblasts, reducing cellular viability contributing to epithelial thinning, and a decrease in corneal tear film instability. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] This can be especially problematic for elderly patients on chronic medications who may also have ongoing Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University Eye Center, Atlanta, GA. ocular surface disease. Chronic exposure to glaucoma medications containing BAK can also compromise the corneal epithelial barrier function by increasing the corneal epithelial permeability, leading to a higher incidence of infections and epithelial disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Corneal Epithelial Permeability following Treatment with Prostaglandin Analoges with or without Benzalkonium Chloride

McCarey

Edelhauser

2007

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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The effects of two intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering agents, latanoprost with 0.02% benzylalkonium chloride (BAK) and travoprost Z without BAK, on corneal epithelial permeability, assessed by carboxyfluorescein uptake, were compared in a rabbit cornea model (n = 12). Loss of epithelial tight junctions was measured by ruthenium red uptake with transmission electron microscopy. There was a significant difference between corneal epithelium permeability of rabbits exposed to either travoprost Z or latanoprost preserved with 0.02% BAK (P < 0.0001). There was no difference between untreated controls and those receiving travoprost Z (P = 0.224). Epithelial permeability was significantly increased in the corneas of rabbits exposed to latanoprost in the 3-min drop test (2.16 +/- 1.094 nm/sec) and the 3-min exposure (16.69 +/- 3.15 nm/sec), compared with control or travoprost (P = 0.002), likely due to the presence of a 0.02% concentration of BAK in the latanoprost solutions. There was no detectable loss of epithelial tight junctions in corneas from the control or travoprost Z groups, compared with significant loss in the latanoprost group. Agents such as travoprost Z with an alternative preservative decreased the epithelial toxicity associated with the long-term use of IOP-lowering agents preserved with BAK.

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Measurement of inflammatory cytokines by multicytokine assay in tears of patients with glaucoma topically treated with chronic drugs

Cited by 110 publications

References 19 publications

Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes associated with glaucoma from DNA microarray data

Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes associated with glaucoma from DNA microarray data

Prevalence of Ocular Surface Disease in Patients with Glaucoma using Topical Antiglaucoma Medications

In Vivo Corneal Epithelial Permeability following Treatment with Prostaglandin Analoges with or without Benzalkonium Chloride

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