Measurement of Interfacial Tension in Hydrocarbon/Water/Dispersant Systems at Deepwater Conditions

Abdelrahim, Mohamed E. A.

doi:10.1002/9781118825662.ch14

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The insignificant effect implied that CDO droplets, once fully dispersed, may not have a remarkable variation in size. The result was an agreement with the negligible effect of the pressure on droplet size distribution of crude oil in Deepwater as well as the assumptions (Abdelrahim, 2012;Malone et al, 2018). The observed increase of droplet size in the experiments was the coalescence on the top of glass lens due to the resurfacing of droplets by Figure 2.…”

Section: Effect Of Pressure On Oil Droplet Sizes Under Various Dor Ansupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In DHW spill site, the oil density at seafloor obtained based on empirical calculation was 4.5 % higher than the sea surface oil density by acoustic measurement (Camilli et al, 2011;Socolofsky et al, 2011). With the presence of dispersant, approximately 31% of interfacial tension between oil and water was enhanced because of increasing pressure, implying a less effective dispersion in deep-water conditions (Abdelrahim, 2012). The change of interfacial tension reflected the alternation of the destabilization of surfactants and the possible change of droplet size controlled by high pressure (Johansen et al, 2013;Khelifa and So, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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The effect of pressure variation on droplet size distribution of dispersed oil under simulated deep-water conditions

Song

Liang

Chen

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Droplet size distribution of dispersed oil in deep-water is critical to the transport and biodegradation of spilled oil in deep-sea. Few studies have focused on the effects of pressure on chemically dispersed oil through experiments. This study thus simulated how the crude oil homogenously pre-dispersed by Corexit 9500A using baffled flasks would behave after being exposed to deep-water conditions. Key factors included dispersant-to-oil ratio (DOR), mixing energy (energy dissipation rate and Kolmogorov microscale), and pressure (up to 150 bar). The variations of pressure were demonstrated to have insignificant effects on the size distribution of pre-dispersed oil. Both the average and medium droplet sizes were correlated negatively with DOR and mixing energy in an established model with a p-value 0.0011. The log-normal and log-logistic distributions provided a reasonable fit to simulate the droplet size distribution. The two parameters of log-logistic distribution were dependent on DOR and mixing energy with a p-value < 0.005. The results would be valuable to advance the understanding of the behaviours and trajectories of chemically dispersed oil under deep-water conditions. The research helped provide more scientific evidence to improve the understanding of dispersed oil behaviours under high pressure and support deep-sea oil spill research and potential extension of the existing results from shallow water to deep water conditions.

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Section: Effect Of Pressure On Oil Droplet Sizes Under Various Dor Ansupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The effect of pressure variation on droplet size distribution of dispersed oil under simulated deep-water conditions

Song

Liang

Chen

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…They used the reported daily dispersant injection amount to estimate an average dispersant‐to‐oil ratio by assuming uniform mixing at the source and a constant injection rate. The interfacial tension of the oil and gas in water was reduced by a factor of 5.4, based on the estimated DOR and experimental results in Abdelrahim and Rao (2014). This flow rate and the oil properties predicted by TAMOC were provided to VDROP‐J to estimate the initial gas bubble and oil droplet size distribution.…”

Section: Empirical and Integral Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Multiphase Underwater Jets and Plumes: Droplets, Hydrodynamics, and Chemistry

Boufadel

Socolofsky

Katz

et al. 2020

Reviews of Geophysics

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Jets and plumes have been the focus of quantitative investigations since the mid‐1950s. These investigations intensified following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in which thousands of tons of oil and natural gas were released into the Gulf of Mexico. This review focuses on plume dynamics that apply to both single‐phase and multiphase liquid‐in‐liquid and liquid plus gas into liquid plumes, including bubble and droplet formation, and heat and mass transfer. Broadly, our work highlights several previously unknown or overlooked aspects of multiphase flow in the deep oceans. Upstream of the jet release, multiphase hydraulics can significantly affect the turbulence, for instance, through churn flow that enhances the turbulence in the free jet, affecting the conditions where bubbles and droplets are formed. Droplet formation was a major focus recently, with experiments covering a range of scales and flow rates of oil and gas at low and high pressure. Detailed observations of droplet formation at the jet‐water boundary reveal the formation of compound droplets, which are emulsions of oil and water with implications for mass conservation and mass transfer. At the plume scale, integral models have been adapted to include the complex thermodynamics and chemistry of oil and gas plumes. In parallel, significant advances were made in numerical simulations of multiphase plumes through large eddy simulations by treating the oil and gas either a continuous or discrete phase. Through this work, a vivid picture of the complex droplet, chemical, and hydrodynamic behavior of multiphase plumes in the ocean is emerging.

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“…[13] The experiment was conducted in an ambient cell containing continuous phase (with surfactant concentrations between 0 to 750 ppm) into which a pendant droplet was introduced. More details regarding experimental setup and procedure can be found in Abdelrahim et al [14] The interfacial tension is computed by fitting a curve respecting Laplace equation of capillarity, to the shape and profile of the pendant drop obtained from the experiment. The curve fitting exercise was done by the image analysis software.…”

Section: Dimensionless Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surfactant on the dynamics of a crude oil droplet in water column: Experimental and numerical investigation

et al. 2014

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In this study we have investigated the effect of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on the dynamics of a single crude oil droplet, rising in a quiescent water column. Experiments were conducted in a tank, in which an oil droplet was released into a stagnant water column through a nozzle. The droplets ranging from 0.3 to 0.85 cm were produced from three different sized nozzles. The shape adopted by the emanating droplets varied from spherical to oblate. SDS concentrations were varied from 0 to 750 ppm in water. The adsorption of surfactant reduced the interfacial tension at oil-water interface which resulted in generation of smaller sized droplets at the nozzle and caused the droplet to flatten. Consequently, the rise velocities of droplets decreased.A numerical model based on finite volume method was developed using commercial CFD package ANSYS Fluent 1 . The model employed volume of fluid method, suggested by Hirt and Nichols (Journal of Computational Physics 1981, 39, 201), with an interface reconstruction technique based on piecewise linear representation for tracking the oil-water interface. The influence of surface tension on the droplet dynamics was captured by including Continuum Surface force (CSF) approach suggested by Brackbill, Kothe, and Zemach (Journal of Computational Physics 1992, 100, 335). The shape and rise velocities predicted from model were in good agreement with experimental data. The results from simulations were used, to analyze the wake structure and pressure distribution around the droplet. It was found that the smaller droplets which ascended in rectilinear path were associated with an axisymmetric wakes whereas larger and intermediate sized droplets in high SDS concentration wobbled as they ascended because of asymmetric wakes.

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Measurement of Interfacial Tension in Hydrocarbon/Water/Dispersant Systems at Deepwater Conditions

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

The effect of pressure variation on droplet size distribution of dispersed oil under simulated deep-water conditions

The effect of pressure variation on droplet size distribution of dispersed oil under simulated deep-water conditions

A Review on Multiphase Underwater Jets and Plumes: Droplets, Hydrodynamics, and Chemistry

Effect of surfactant on the dynamics of a crude oil droplet in water column: Experimental and numerical investigation

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