Measurement of limb length inequality Comparison of clinical methods with orthoradiography in 190 children

Lampe, Harald I H; Swierstra, Bart A; Diepstraten, A. F. M.

doi:10.3109/17453679608994680

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There is general consensus that radiographs are more accurate and reliable than clinical exam for analysis of LLD [8,24,43]. Several authors have reported the results of LLD measurement using a variety of imaging techniques such as orthoroentgenogram [13], CR-based teleoroentgenogram [38], slit scanogram [28], microdose digital radiography [3], CT scanogram [1,2,19], ultrasound [42], and MRI scanogram [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors reported a correlation between the two methods (Eta = 0.885). Lampe et al [24] compared the agreement in measuring LLD between two clinical methods, that is, use of a tape measure and standing blocks with orthoroentgenograms in 190 children attending a limb lengthening clinic. Ninetyfive percent of the measurements using the wooden boards were within -14 and +16 mm of the results obtained using radiography.…”

Section: Standing On Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methods for Assessing Leg Length Discrepancy

Sabharwal

Kumar

2008

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

302

211

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of accurate and reliable clinical and imaging modalities for quantifying leg-length discrepancy (LLD) is vital for planning appropriate treatment. While there are several methods for assessing LLD, we questioned how these compared. We therefore evaluated the reliability and accuracy of the different methods and explored the advantages and limitations of each method. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 42 articles dealing with various assessment tools for measuring LLD. Clinical methods such as use of a tape measure and standing blocks were noted as useful screening tools, but not as accurate as imaging modalities. While several studies noted that the scanogram provided reliable measurements with minimal magnification, a full-length standing AP computed radiograph (teleoroentgenogram) is a more comprehensive assessment technique, with similar costs at less radiation exposure. We recommend use of a CT scanogram, especially the lateral scout view in patients with flexion deformities at the knee. Newer modalities such as MRI are promising but need further investigation before being routinely employed for assessment of LLD.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Standing On Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Assessing Leg Length Discrepancy

Sabharwal

Kumar

2008

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

302

211

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The reference leg length was measured from the ASIS to the distal medial malleolus with a measuring tape. 21,55,57,62,69 Leg length FIGURE 2. Procedure for measuring the back extensor muscle endurance.…”

Section: Length Of Hamstring Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Mechanical Factors and Incidence of Low Back Pain

Nourbakhsh¹,

Arab²

2002

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

258

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Study Design: A multifactorial cross-sectional nonexperimental design. Objectives: To collectively investigate the association among 17 mechanical factors and occurrence of low back pain (LBP). Background: Several physical characteristics, based on assumptions, clinical findings, and scientific experiments, have been associated with the development of LBP. Controversy exists regarding the degree of association between some of these physical characteristics and LBP. Information regarding the degree of association of each factor to LBP is needed for effective prevention and appropriate treatment strategies. Methods and Measures:A total of 600 subjects participated in this study. Subjects were categorized into 4 groups: asymptomatic men (n = 150, age [mean ± SD] = 43 ± 15 years), asymptomatic women (n = 150, age [mean ± SD] = 43 ± 13 years), men with LBP (n = 150, age [mean ± SD] = 43 ± 14 years), and women with LBP (n = 150, age [mean ± SD] = 43 ± 13 years). Seventeen physical characteristics were measured in each group and the relative association of each characteristic with LBP was assessed. Results: Among all the factors tested, endurance of the back extensor muscles had the highest association with LBP. Other factors such as the length of the back extensor muscles, and the strength of the hip flexor, hip adductor, and abdominal muscles also had a significant association with LBP. Conclusion: It appears that muscle endurance and weakness are associated with LBP and that structural factors such as the size of the lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt, leg length discrepancy, and the length of abdominal, hamstring, and iliopsoas muscles are not associated with the occurrence of LBP. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2002;32:447-460. Key Words: back extensor endurance, low back pain, lumbar lordosis, muscle length, muscle strength L ow back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent healthrelated complaints in western societies. 110 Previous studies have indicated that 70% to 80% of the western population have had at least 1 episode of LBP in their lifetime. 110,120 Despite its detrimental association with social and workrelated activities, the exact cause of mechanical LBP has not yet been determined. Several factors, based on assumptions, clinical findings, and scientific experiments, have been associated with the development of LBP. However, with the use of different designs and testing procedures, controversial results have been reported in the literature.

show abstract

“…• Helliwell 29 suggests that limb length inequality less than 20 mm is subject to significant measurement error when the limb length inequality has been determined using clinical measurement methods • Lampe et al 35 suggest that impairment is induced with limb length inequality of 20 mm 22…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Limb Length Inequality: Clinical Implications for Assessment and Intervention

Brady¹,

Dean²,

Skinner³

et al. 2003

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

165

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this paper is to review relevant literature concerning limb length inequalities in adults and to make recommendations for assessment and intervention based on the literature and our own clinical experience. Literature searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, PubMed, and CINAHL databases. Limb length inequality and common classification criteria are defined and etiological factors are presented. Common methods of detecting limb length inequality include direct (tape measure methods), indirect (pelvic leveling), and radiological techniques. Interventions include shoe inserts or external shoe lift therapy for mild cases. Surgery may be appropriate in severe cases. Little agreement exists regarding the prevalence of limb length inequality, the degree of limb length inequality that is considered clinically significant, and the reliability and validity of assessment methods. Based on correlational studies, the relationship between limb length inequality and orthopaedic pathologies is questionable. Stronger support for the link between low back pain (LBP) and limb length inequality is provided by intervention studies. Methods involving palpation of pelvic landmarks with block correction have the most support for clinical assessment of limb length inequality. Standing radiographs are suggested when clinical assessment methods are unsatisfactory. Clinicians should exercise caution when undertaking intervention strategies for limb length inequality of less than 5 mm when limb length inequality has been identified with clinical techniques. Recommendations are provided regarding intervention strategies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:221-234.

show abstract

Measurement of limb length inequality Comparison of clinical methods with orthoradiography in 190 children

Cited by 38 publications

References 4 publications

Methods for Assessing Leg Length Discrepancy

Methods for Assessing Leg Length Discrepancy

Relationship Between Mechanical Factors and Incidence of Low Back Pain

Limb Length Inequality: Clinical Implications for Assessment and Intervention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About