Measurement of mechanical properties of multilayer waterborne coatings on wood by nanoindentation

Wu, Yan; Wu, Jiamin; Wang, Siqun; Feng, Xinhao; Chen, Hong; Tang, Qinwen; Zhang, Haiqiao

doi:10.1515/hf-2018-0193

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, as one of the common fast-growing tree species, Masson pine wood also presents drawbacks which limit its practical application, such as low dimensional stability, softness, and low bio-durability [4,5]. In the past few decades, a number of modification methods have been proposed to enhance the quality and high value-added utilization of plantation wood, including thermal or densification treatment, surface coating, and chemical impregnation [6][7][8][9][10]. Above all, chemical impregnation under vacuum or pressure has been proven to be an effective method to improve the properties of the wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale Evaluation of the Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Impregnation on the Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Pinus Massoniana Lamb.

Wang

Chen

Xie³

et al. 2019

Forests

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The local chemistry and mechanics of the control and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin modified wood cell walls were analyzed to illustrate the modification mechanism of wood. Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) is most widely distributed in the subtropical regions of China. However, the dimensional instability and low strength of the wood limits its use. Thus, the wood was modified by PF resin at concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, respectively. The density, surface morphology, chemical structure, cell wall mechanics, shrinking and swelling properties, and macro-mechanical properties of Masson pine wood were analyzed to evaluate the modification effectiveness. The morphology and Raman spectra changes indicated that PF resin not only filled in the cell lumens, but also penetrated into cell walls and interacted with cell wall polymers. The filling and diffusing of resin in wood resulted in improved dimensional stability, such as lower swelling and shrinking coefficients, an increase in the elastic modulus (Er) and hardness (H) of wood cell walls, the hardness of the transverse section and compressive strength of the wood. Both the dimensional stability and mechanical properties improved as the PF concentration increased to 20%; that is, a PF concentration of 20% may be preferred to modify Masson pine wood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale Evaluation of the Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Impregnation on the Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Pinus Massoniana Lamb.

Wang

Chen

Xie³

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…The fixture of the testing machine stretched the sample along the longitudinal direction of the bamboo until the longitudinal fiber in the middle of the samples was broke. The stretching speed was set to 5 mm/min and the maximum load force to 10,000 N [23,24]. Figure 2 presents the FTIR curves of IB and HIB before and after delignification and vacuum impregnation.…”

Section: Mechanical Strength Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Properties of Transparent Bamboo Prepared by Epoxy Resin Impregnation

Wang

Yang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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In this paper, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycle) before and after heat treatment were used as raw materials to prepare transparent bamboo (TB). In an acidic environment, the lignin contained in the bamboo material was removed to obtain a bamboo template, and an epoxy resin similar to the cellulose refractive index was used for vacuum impregnation into the bamboo template to obtain a transparent bamboo material. The purpose of this study was to compare the physical and chemical properties of TB and original bamboo and the differences between TBs before and after heat treatment, taken from different parts of bamboo, in order to explore the performance advantages and disadvantages of TB as a new material. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), scanning electron microscope testing (SEM), three elements analysis, light transmittance testing, and mechanical strength testing were used to study the molecular composition, microstructure, chemical composition, light transmittance, and tensile strength of the TB samples. The results showed that the lignin content of the delignified bamboo templates was greatly reduced. In addition, the SEM images showed that a large amount of epoxy resin (type E51 and type B210 curing agent) was covered on the cross-section surface and pores of the TB samples. The FTIR showed that the epoxy molecular groups appeared on the TB, and the delignified bamboo template and the resin had a good synergy effect. According to the light transmittance testing, the original bamboo samples hardly contained light transmittance under visible light. The transmittance of transparent inner bamboo (TIB) and transparent heat-treated inner bamboo (THIB) could reach about 11%, and the transmittance of transparent outer bamboo (TOB) and transparent heat-treated outer bamboo (THOB) was about 2%. The light transmittance had been significantly improved when compared with the original bamboo samples. The transmittances of the TB samples before and after heat treatment in different parts of bamboo were different. In the visible light irradiation range, the light transmittances of TB samples were as follows: TIB > THIB and THOB > TOB. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of TB was reduced, especially for TOB and THOB. In addition, TB has a wide range of raw materials, and the preparation process is environmentally friendly. It can be used for decorative materials in homes, buildings, etc., and has a great application potential.

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“…In the formula, σ is the tensile strength; F is the maximum force borne by the specimen when it is broken; S is the original cross-sectional area in the tensile direction of the sample; b is the initial width of the tensile section of the sample, and h is the initial thickness of the tensile section [20].…”

Section: Mechanical Performance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Properties of Partially Transparent Wood under Different Delignification Processes

Zhou

Huang³

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Two common tree species of Betula alnoides (Betula) and New Zealand pine (Pinups radiata D. Don) were selected as the raw materials to prepare for the partially transparent wood (TW) in this study. Although the sample is transparent in a broad sense, it has color and pattern, so it is not absolutely colorless and transparent, and is therefore called partially transparent. For ease of interpretation, the following "partially transparent wood" is referred to as "transparent wood (TW)". The wood template (FW) was prepared by removing part of the lignin with the acid delignification method, and then the transparent wood was obtained by impregnating the wood template with a refractive-index-matched resin. The goal of this study is to achieve transparency of the wood (the light transmittance of the prepared transparent wood should be improved as much as possible) by exploring the partial delignification process of different tree species on the basis of retaining the aesthetics, texture and mechanical strength of the original wood. Therefore, in the process of removing partial lignin by the acid delignification method, the orthogonal test method was used to explore the better process conditions for the preparation of transparent wood. The tests of color difference, light transmittance, porosity, microstructure, chemical groups, mechanical strength were carried out on the wood templates and transparent wood under different experimental conditions. In addition, through the three major elements (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) test and orthogonal range analysis method, the influence of each process factor on the lignin removal of each tree species was obtained. It was finally obtained that the two tree species acquired the highest light transmittance at the experimental level 9 (process parameters: NaClO 2 concentration 1 wt%, 90 • C, 1.5 h); and the transparent wood retained most of the color and texture of the original wood under partial delignification up to 4.84-11.07%, while the mechanical strength with 57.76% improved and light transmittance with 14.14% higher than these properties of the original wood at most. In addition, the wood template and resin have a good synergy effect from multifaceted analysis, which showed that this kind of transparent wood has the potential to become the functional decorative material.

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Measurement of mechanical properties of multilayer waterborne coatings on wood by nanoindentation

Cited by 25 publications

References 50 publications

Multi-Scale Evaluation of the Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Impregnation on the Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Pinus Massoniana Lamb.

Multi-Scale Evaluation of the Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Impregnation on the Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Pinus Massoniana Lamb.

Study on the Properties of Transparent Bamboo Prepared by Epoxy Resin Impregnation

Study on the Properties of Partially Transparent Wood under Different Delignification Processes

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