Measurement of 
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 Momentum and Angular Distributions from Linearly Polarized Photon Collisions

Adam, J.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, J. R.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, D.; Aparin, A.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Ashraf, M. U.; Atetalla, F. G.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bairathi, V.; Barish, K. N.; Behera, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Sánchez, M. Calderón De La Barca; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chan, B. K.; Chang, F-H.; Chang, Z.; Chankova-Bunzarova, N.; Chatterjee, A.; Chen, D; Chen, J H; Chen, X; Chen, Z; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Chevalier, M.; Choudhury, S.; Christie, W.; Crawford, H. J.; Csanád, M.; Daugherity, M.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deppner, I. M.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Didenko, L.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Edmonds, T.; Elsey, N.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Esumi, S.; Evdokimov, O.; Ewigleben, A.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Fedorišin, J.; Feng, C.; Feng, Y.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Francisco, A.; Fulek, Ł.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Galatyuk, T.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Gibson, A.; Gopal, K.; Grosnick, D.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Harris, J. W.; He, S.; He, W.; He, X.; Heppelmann, S.; Herrmann, N.; Hoffman, Eric A.; Holub, L.; Hong, Yifan; Horvat, S.; Hu, Y.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, S.; Huang, T.; Huang, X.; Humanic, T. J.; Huo, P.; Igo, G.; Isenhower, D.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jena, C.; Jentsch, A.; Ji, Y.; Jia, J.; Jiang, Kang; Jowzaee, S.; Ju, X.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kabir, M. L.; Kagamaster, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kapukchyan, D.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Kelsey, M.; Khyzhniak, Y. V.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kim, C; Kimelman, B.; Kincses, D.; Kinghorn, T. A.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, A.; Kisiel, A.; Klein, S. R.; Kocan, M.; Kochenda, L.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kramárik, L.; Кравцов, П.; Krueger, K.; Mudiyanselage, N. Kulathunga; Kumar, L.; Elayavalli, R. Kunnawalkam; Kwasizur, J. H.; Lacey, R.; Lan, S.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.A.; Lednický, R.; Lee, J H; Leung, Y. H.; Li, C; Li, W; Li, X; Li, Y; Liang, Y.; Licenik, R.; Lin, Tongyan; Lin, Y.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F; Liu, H; Liu, P; Liu, T; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ljubičić, T.; Llope, W. J.; Longacre, R. S.; Lukow, N. S.; Luo, S.; Luo, Xuan; L, G; Ma, L.; Ma, R.; G, Y; Magdy, Niseem; Majka, R.; Mallick, D.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; Mazer, J.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mohanty, B.; Mooney, I.; Moravcová, Z.; Морозов, Д. А.; Nagy, M. I.; Nam, J. D.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, K.; Neff, D.; Nelson, J. M.; Nemes, D. B.; Nie, M.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Nonaka, T.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, S. B.; Окороков, В. А.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pandav, A.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pawłowska, D.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pinsky, L.; Pintér, R. L.; Pluta, J.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycień, M.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Radhakrishnan, S. K.; Ramachandran, S.; Ray, R. L.; Reed, R.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J.B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Ruan, L.; Rusňák, J.; Sahoo, N.; Sako, H.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sato, Susumu; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Schweid, B. R.; Seck, F.; Seger, J.; Sergeeva, M.; Seto, R.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Shen, F.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singh, Jagbir; Singha, S.; Smirnov, N.; Solyst, W.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stefaniak, M.; Stewart, David J.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Šumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, Y. J.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Szymański, P.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Taranenko, A.; Tarnowsky, T.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Tokarev, M.; Tomkiel, C. A.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Tsai, O. D.; Tu, Z.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Buren, G. Van; Vaněk, J.; Vasiliev, A.; Vassiliev, I.; Videbæk, F.; Vokál, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Wang, F; Wang, G; Wang, J S; Wang, P; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Webb, J. C.; Weidenkaff, P. C.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, Xiao; Xie, G.; Xie, W.; Xu, H.; Xu, N.; Xu, Q.; Xu, Yunlin; Xu, Y.; Xu, Z.; Yang, C.; Yang, Q.; Yang, S.; Yu, Yang; Yang, Z.; Ye, Z; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, D; Zhang, S; Zhang, X P; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z J; Zhang, Z; Zhao, J.; Chen, Zhong; Zhou, C.; Zhu, X.; Zhu, Z. H.; Żurek, M.; Zyzak, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.052302

Cited by 101 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The combined theoretical uncertainty associated with the combined world-wide experimental data is about 3%. As demonstrated in the figure, except for the STAR [34] and ALICE [31] results, the measurements are systematically smaller than the lowest order QED predictions and the QED results with higher-order correction describe the data very well. Considering the large experimental and theoretical uncertainties for the STAR (experimental uncertainty: 14%, theoretical uncertainty: 13%) and ALICE (experimental uncertainty: 14%, theoretical uncertainty: 3%) measurements, they are both consistent with the lowest order and higher-order QED predictions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The comparison of the ratios of the measured cross sections from world-wide experiments [29][30][31][32][33][34] and the predicted higher-order QED results to the lowest order QED calculations for lepton pair production in heavy ion collisions is shown in figure 3. In the calculation, optical Glauber model [35] is employed to determine the UPC trigger probability of heavy ion collision in impact parameter space.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this strategy, the hint of higher-order effect [25,26] had been observed in comparison with the RHIC measurements. Over the decades, various experimental measurements of lepton pair production [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] has been made in ultra-peripheral collisions (UPC) at RHIC and LHC. In these measurements, due to the limited kinetic space, the multiple production of vacuum pair should be negligible.…”

Section: Jhep08(2021)083mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discovery of higher-order quantum electrodynamics effect for the vacuum pair production

Zha

Tang

2021

J. High Energ. Phys.

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The higher-order quantum electrodynamics (QED) effect for vacuum pair production has been searched without success since 1954. In this paper, we show that the combined world-wide data of lepton pair vacuum production is about 20% smaller than the latest lowest order QED calculation with a 5.2 sigma-level of significance and is consistent with the corresponding higher-order QED result. We claim the discovery of higher-order effect for the QED pair production, which settles the dust of previous debates for several decades. The verification of higher-order QED effect is a fundamental scientific problem, which is an important milestone towards the nonperturbative and nonlinear regime of QED vacuum.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jhep08(2021)083mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discovery of higher-order quantum electrodynamics effect for the vacuum pair production

Zha

Tang

2021

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…This is in contrast to the ATLAS case, which does not require this, and indeed our approach is not expected to described such tagged data completely, in particular with respect to the lepton pair p ⊥ distribution. This point is not expressed clearly in[41], where it is even incorrectly stated that the disagreement observed with SuperCHIC invalidates our calculation of purely exclusive production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…As an aside, we note that SuperCHIC predictions are compared against data from the STAR collaboration on lepton pair production in ultraperipheral AuAu collisions in[41]. However, such data correspond to 'tagged' collisions, that is where at least one neutron is required to be emitted from each colliding ion, ensuring that both ions have undergone dissociation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Elastic photon-initiated production at the LHC: the role of hadron-hadron interactions

2021

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We analyse in detail the role of additional hadron–hadron interactions in elastic photon–initiated (PI) production at the LHC, both in pp and heavy ion collisions. We first demonstrate that the source of difference between our predictions and other results in the literature for PI muon pair production is dominantly due to an unphysical cut that is imposed in these latter results on the dimuon–hadron impact parameter. We in addition show that this is experimentally disfavoured by the shape of the muon kinematic distributions measured by ATLAS in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions. We then consider the theoretical uncertainty due to the survival probability for no additional hadron–hadron interactions, and in particular the role this may play in the tendency for the predicted cross sections to lie somewhat above ATLAS data on PI muon pair production, in both pp and PbPb collisions. This difference is relatively mild, at the \sim 10\%∼10% level, and hence a very good control over the theory is clearly required. We show that this uncertainty is very small, and it is only by taking very extreme and rather unphysical variations in the modelling of the survival factor that this tension can be removed. This underlines the basic, rather model independent, point that a significant fraction of elastic PI scattering occurs for hadron–hadron impact parameters that are simply outside the range of QCD interactions, and hence this sets a lower bound on the survival factor in any physically reasonable approach. Finally, other possible origins for this discrepancy are discussed.

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Introductory Notes on Non‐linear Electrodynamics and its Applications

Sorokin

2022

Fortschritte der Physik

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In 1933-1934 Born and Infeld constructed the first non-linear generalization of Maxwell's electrodynamics that turned out to be a remarkable theory in many respects. In 1935 Heisenberg and Euler computed a complete effective action describing non-linear corrections to Maxwell's theory due to quantum electron-positron one-loop effects. Since then, these and a variety of other models of non-linear electrodynamics proposed in the course of decades have been extensively studied and used in a wide range of areas of theoretical physics including string theory, gravity, cosmology and condensed matter (CMT). In these notes I will overview general properties of non-linear electrodynamics and particular models which are distinguished by their symmetries and physical properties, such as a recently discovered unique non-linear modification of Maxwell's electrodynamics which is conformal and duality invariant. I will also sketch how non-linear electromagnetic effects may manifest themselves in physical phenomena (such as vacuum birefringence), in properties of gravitational objects (e.g. charged black holes) and in the evolution of the universe, and can be used, via gravity/CMT holography, for the description of properties of certain conducting and insulating materials.

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Measurement of e+e− Momentum and Angular Distributions from Linearly Polarized Photon Collisions

Abstract: The Breit-Wheeler process which produces matter and anti-matter from photon collisions is investigated experimentally through the observation of 6085 exclusive electron-positron pairs in ultraperipheral Au+Au collisions at √ s N N = 200 GeV. The measurements reveal a large fourth-order

Cited by 101 publications

References 56 publications

Discovery of higher-order quantum electrodynamics effect for the vacuum pair production

Discovery of higher-order quantum electrodynamics effect for the vacuum pair production

Elastic photon-initiated production at the LHC: the role of hadron-hadron interactions

Introductory Notes on Non‐linear Electrodynamics and its Applications

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