“…1,2 Approaches to characterize the dielectric permittivity of materials under test (MUT) are already well established, 3,4 which are typically categorized as resonant methods and nonresonant methods. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] For resonant methods, they essentially include resonant perturbation methods and resonator methods, of which the measurement processes are complicated and inconvenient. In addition, both of them have a considerable restriction on the shapes of MUT for different kinds of measurement apparatus, especially for the resonant perturbation method.…”