Measurement of phthalate acid esters in non-alcoholic malt beverages by MSPE-GC/MS method in Tehran city: chemometrics

Abstract

The goal of this research was to assess the phthalic acid esters (DEP, DMP, BBP, DBP, DEHP, DnOP and total PAE) in non-alcoholic malt beverages bottled were magnetized with iron (MWCNT-Fe3O4) using Mass spectrometry is gas chromatography (GC-MS) in Tehran. The results showed that maximum and minimum of total phthalate esters in samples were 9483.93 and 2412.50 ng/l, respectively. The mean of DEHP (which has also been found to be carcinogenic) in all samples was lower than 5944.73 ng/l. The maximum concentration of DEHP in four samples was upper than 8957.87 ng/l. Multivariate techniques and heat-map visualization were used to assess the correlation among the type and levels of PAEs with brand, color, product date, pH, sugar, volume and gas pressure. Therefore, based on heat-map and principal component analysis (PCA) results, the Bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and total PAEs were the closest accessions, indicating that these variables had similar trends. Based on the results, it can be stated that due to the low average of total phthalate esters in non-alcoholic malt beverages, there is no serious health hazard of these compounds for humans.

Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Baby Food Samples in Tehran, Iran With Magnetic-Solid-Phase-Extraction and Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry Method: A Health Risk Assessment

“…According to the EPA procedure, Monte Carlo Simulation was performed in the probabilistic hazard evaluations to reduce the uncertainties of the hazard predictions with probability assignment for each variable to elude underestimation or overestimation ( 30 , 32 , 33 , 39 ). For this purpose, several research studies have been done on the assessment of probabilistic health risk by using Monte Carlo Simulation for PAH S in infant formulae in Iran ( 18 ), arsenic in infants Dietary intake in the USA ( 40 ), PAHs in mushrooms (raw, grilled, and fried) ( 8 ), trace elements and sulfur dioxide residual in raisins ( 34 ).…”

“…One of the SPE procedure limitations is that adsorbents must be put in a difficultto-use SPE cartridge. Manual operation and memory effects are further disadvantages of the SBSE procedure (13,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Adsorbents are divided from the aqueous phase by filtering or centrifuging in SPME that can take a long period when dealing with large sample volumes.…”

“…As it turns out, health risk assessment is an important perspective of a risk management program ( 20 , 31 ). Therefore, health risk assessments are performed to show different possible mixtures by estimating adverse effects on health exposure conditions ( 30 , 32 ). The Monte Carlo method improves the knowledge of the environmental behavior of PAH in terms of their health hazards through variable distributions ( 33 , 34 ).…”

Integrated ultrasound‐assisted magnetic solid‐phase extraction for efficient determination and pre‐concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from high‐consumption soft drinks and non‐alcoholic beers in Iran

“…It is necessary to explain that the sample preparation steps were based on the studies of Rascón [31] and Rezaei et al. [32].…”

Measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible mushrooms (raw, grilled and fried) using MSPE-GC/MS method: a risk assessment study

“…There are several techniques to extract PAHs from food samples [e.g., liquid liquid extraction (LLE), Soxhlet apparatus, solid-phase extraction (SPE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)]. The most ordinarily used plans to extract PAHs compounds from an intricate solution matrix include silica cartridges, straight immersion solidphase micro-extraction (SPME), LLE after saponification with caustic soda, columns with gel beads and two phase HF-LPME [hollow fiber liquid phase micro-extraction (LPME)] [2,43,51,52]. Fatty components and material with alcoholic caustic solutions, are saponified, to avoid difficulties from lipids [13,52,53].…”