Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow With
            <sup>133</sup>
            Xenon and a Multiple-Crystal Scintillation Camera

Pj, Cannon; Sciacca, Robert R.; Brust, John C.M.; Johnson, Philip M.; Hilal, Sadek K.

doi:10.1161/01.str.5.3.371

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Moreover, it has been clearly documented that the rCBF of these subcortical areas can increase or decrease by as much as 30% during exercise or movement (13,15,16,58,63,64,73). Because these 133 Xe techniques emphasize the more superficial layers (8,25,47,50,55,59,60), the representation of the MCA distribution by a region detected using these 133 Xe techniques is further eroded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the cerebral hemodynamic response to rhythmic handgrip

Giller

Cooper

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The response of the cerebral circulation to exercise has been studied with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) because this modality provides continuous measurements of blood velocity and is well suited for the exercise environment. The use of TCD as an index of cerebral blood flow, however, requires the assumption that the diameter of the insonated vessel is constant. Here, we examine this assumption for rhythmic handgrip using a spectral index designed to measure trends in vessel flow. Nineteen normal subjects were studied during 5 min of volitional maximum rhythmic right handgrip at 1 Hz. TCD velocities from both middle arteries (left and right), blood pressure, and end-tidal PCO(2) were recorded every 10 s. A spectral weighted sum was also calculated as a flow index (FI). Averages were computed from the last 2 min of handgrip. Relative changes in velocity, FI, and pressure were calculated. The validity of FI was tested by comparing the change in diameter derived from equations relating flow and diameter. Mean blood pressure increased 23.8 +/- 17.8% (SD), and velocity increased 13.3 +/- 9.8% (left) and 9.6 +/- 8.3% (right). Although the mean change in FI was small [2.0 +/- 18. 2% (left) and 4.7 +/- 29.7% (right)], the variation was high: some subjects showed a significant increase in FI and others a significant decrease. Diameter estimates from two equations relating flow and luminal area were not significantly different. Decreases in FI were associated with estimated diameter decreases of 10%. Our data suggest that the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to rhythmic handgrip is heterogeneous and that middle cerebral artery flow can decrease in some subjects, in agreement with prior studies using the Kety-Schmidt technique. We speculate that the velocity increase is due to sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction rather than a ubiquitous flow increase. Our data suggest that the use of ordinary TCD velocities to interpret the CBF response during exercise may be invalid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the cerebral hemodynamic response to rhythmic handgrip

Giller

Cooper

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…1). The Xe clearance curves and was considered to be the radioactivity shunting through arteriovenous anastomoses or some vascular malformation (Cannon et aL, 1974). In curve peeling, the slope of the middle line is generally determined with the least certainty.…”

Section: Xe Clearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between the 133Xe clearance method and the microsphere technique in cerebral blood flow determinations in the dog.

Fan

Chen²,

Schuessler³

et al. 1979

Circulation Research

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SINCE THE radioactive microsphere method was introduced by Rudolph and Heymann (1967), it has been applied to studies on blood flow in different animal species and organs. Regional blood flow can be measured in small tissue samples containing more than 400 spheres (Buckberg et al. 1971). Comparisons between the microsphere method and the more generally accepted methods such as electromagnetic flowmetry or clearance technique using diffusible indicator or inert gas have been made for the myocardium (Utley et aL, 1974;Domenech et al., 1969;Yipintsoi et al., 1973), kidney (Slotkoff et al., 1971), and stomach (Delaney and Grim, 1964).When cerebral blood flow is determined by the radioactive indicator clearance method (Lessen and Hoedt-Rasmussen, 1966), the washout curve in the dog differs from that in man in that there is a significant involvement of extracerebral tissues. Therefore the cerebral clearance curve in the dog often has more than two components (Haggendal, 1965), and the interpretation and analysis of the curve becomes relatively difficult. The present Xe washout curve in the dog by comparing it with simultaneous cerebral blood flow measurements obtained by the use of microspheres. It was hoped that these investigations also would help to evaluate the validity of the microsphere method in measuring cerebral blood flow and resolve some of the controversies (Harrell et al., 1977;Fung, 1973) regarding the applicability of this technique. MethodsThe experiments were performed on 15 mongrel dogs (15-25 kg) anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg injected intravenously, with supplements of 2 mgAg given approximately hourly). Pancuronium bromide (0.08 mgAg) was given intravenously after the trachea had been intubated. The dog was ventilated with a Harvard respirator to maintain the Pco? between 35 and 42 mm Hg. For five dogs, 5% CO2 was administered to raise the PCO2 to 50-60 mm Hg. The esophageal temperature was monitored by a thermistor probe (Yellow Springs Instrument Co.) and maintained between 36.5° and 37.5°C by electric heating pads. The femoral artery was cannulated with a double-lumen polyethylene catheter of original design with two orifices 18 cm apart, and the catheter was inserted to a distance such that the lower orifice was in the abdominal aorta and the upper orifice in the thoracic aorta. The femoral vein also was cannulated. After incision of the scalp to expose the skull, the central ridge of the skull was trephined, and the by guest on May 9, 2018

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“…With the other two types of analysis this is not so important. The errors otherwise involved have been discussed by Hutten, Schwartz & Wand Schultz (1969 (Cannon, Sciacca, Brust, Johnson & Hilah, 1974). Having once generated this amount of data one must have a system of handling it.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that for most commercial gamma cameras the number of regions one can study is quite limited. The multiple crystal scintillation camera however can accommodate a high counting rate and each of the 294 crystals can apparently yield an adequate curve (Cannon, Sciacca, Brust, Johnson & Hilah, 1974). Having once generated this amount of data one must have a system of handling it.…”

Section: Gamma Camera Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for assessment of the effect of drugs on cerebral blood flow in man.

1979

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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The cerebral circulation is not an unimportant vascular bed but it is difficult one to investigate. Methodological difficulties are the main reasons for the paucity of clinical pharmacology studies to date. Of the methods currently available those of the McHenry (1964) and Wyper et al. (1976) appear to be the most useful to the clinical investigator. Increasing use of multiple detectors even with inhalation techniques may give evidence of regional drug effects upon the cerebral circulation. Improvements in methodology in the last few years, particularly the development of atraumatic methods are likely to act as an important spur to research in this field.

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Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow With ¹³³ Xenon and a Multiple-Crystal Scintillation Camera

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of the cerebral hemodynamic response to rhythmic handgrip

Evaluation of the cerebral hemodynamic response to rhythmic handgrip

Comparison between the 133Xe clearance method and the microsphere technique in cerebral blood flow determinations in the dog.

Methods for assessment of the effect of drugs on cerebral blood flow in man.

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Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow With 133 Xenon and a Multiple-Crystal Scintillation Camera

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of the cerebral hemodynamic response to rhythmic handgrip

Evaluation of the cerebral hemodynamic response to rhythmic handgrip

Comparison between the 133Xe clearance method and the microsphere technique in cerebral blood flow determinations in the dog.

Methods for assessment of the effect of drugs on cerebral blood flow in man.

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Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow With ¹³³ Xenon and a Multiple-Crystal Scintillation Camera