Measurement of skin thickness and skin elasticity to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive decongestive treatment in patients with lymphoedema: a prospective study

BackgroundEnvironmental factors impact the skin aging resulting in decrease of skin radiance. Nutrition and particularly antioxidants could help to fight against skin degradation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an oral supplement rich in specific antioxidants, SkinAx2TM, on the improvement of the skin radiance in women.MethodsThe open-label clinical study enrolled 35 women, aged 40–70, with facial dull complexion. Subjects were supplemented orally with a daily dosage of 150 mg of an antioxidant-rich formulation containing superoxide dismutase-rich melon concentrate, grape seed extract rich in monomers of flavanols, vitamin C, and zinc for 8 weeks. Each subject served as her own control. The C.L.B.T.™ test has been used to evaluate facial skin coloring (C), luminosity (L), brightness (B), and transparency (T) involved in skin radiance. Facial skin imperfections have been assessed by clinical assessment. Firmness has been evaluated by clinical assessment and cutometer measurement. Finally, an auto-questionnaire has been carried out in order to evaluate the satisfaction of the subjects concerning different parameters involved in skin radiance and the global efficacy of the supplement.ResultsSkin “red pink” and “olive” colors were significantly improved after supplementation (P<0.0001). Luminosity was increased by 25.9% (P<0.0001) whereas brightness and transparency were not affected by the supplementation. Facial skin imperfections were significantly reduced after the antioxidant-rich formulation intake (global reduction: −18.0%; P<0.0001). Indeed, dark circles, redness, and spots significantly diminished after oral treatment. Firmness and elasticity have been shown to be improved. Subjects were globally satisfied by the product (82.4%) and have found improvements on their facial skin. Furthermore, 64.7% reported to look better at the end of the supplementation.ConclusionThe oral supplement containing the antioxidant-rich formulation was found to improve skin radiance by reducing skin coloring, increasing face luminosity, reducing imperfections, and improving skin firmness in women with dull complexion.

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“…The ratio Ur/Ue characterizes the elasticity of the skin and is independent of the thickness of the skin. 18 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical effects of an oral supplement rich in antioxidants on skin radiance in women

Dumoulin

Gaudout

Lemaire

2016

CCID

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“…Solution application and measurements were carried out at 20–24 °C and 45–55% relative humidity. The following measurements were performed: area of corneocyte (white regions) using ImageJ 73 ; brightness of the face using a Mark-Vu instrument (PSIPLUS Co., LTD, Suwon, KOREA) and a continuous light source, data analysis were done using the I-max plus software and expressed as L -values 74 ; transparency of the cheek using a Translucency meter (TLS850; Dia-Stron, Andover, UK), and the intensity of the scattered light in the skin layer was measured with a fiber optic face plate; TEWL of the cheek using a TEwameter TM300 (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Köln, Germany) for 25 s; average face moisture using a Corneometer CM825 (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH) measured thrice, and the difference in dielectric constants between water and measured area was used; average face elasticity using a Cutometer Dual MPA580 (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH) measured thrice; the length of the stretched skin layer following application of a negative pressure (450 mbar), and the unit R2 was defined as Ua/Uf, where Ua is the final retraction and Uf the final deformation 75 ; and desquamation of the skin layer was measured by harvesting desquamated skin cells using a D-squame standard sampling disk (D100; Clinical & Derm, Texas, USA) and Visioscan VC98 (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH), and the DI was calculated as , where A is the percentage of area covered by corneocytes, Tn is percentage of corneocyte related to thickness, and n is thickness level; 1–5 76 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spermidine-induced recovery of human dermal structure and barrier function by skin microbiome

Kim

et al. 2021

Commun Biol

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An unbalanced microbial ecosystem on the human skin is closely related to skin diseases and has been associated with inflammation and immune responses. However, little is known about the role of the skin microbiome on skin aging. Here, we report that the Streptococcus species improved the skin structure and barrier function, thereby contributing to anti-aging. Metagenomic analyses showed the abundance of Streptococcus in younger individuals or those having more elastic skin. Particularly, we isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus from face of young individuals. Treatment with secretions of S. pneumoniae and S. infantis induced the expression of genes associated with the formation of skin structure and the skin barrier function in human skin cells. The application of culture supernatant including Streptococcal secretions on human skin showed marked improvements on skin phenotypes such as elasticity, hydration, and desquamation. Gene Ontology analysis revealed overlaps in spermidine biosynthetic and glycogen biosynthetic processes. Streptococcus-secreted spermidine contributed to the recovery of skin structure and barrier function through the upregulation of collagen and lipid synthesis in aged cells. Overall, our data suggest the role of skin microbiome into anti-aging and clinical applications.

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“…Indeed, 5 days of intensive lymphoedema treatment using manual lymph drainage, pneumatic compression and bandaging has resulted in measurable differences in dermal thickness detected with HFU. 20 High echogenicity, seen on an HFU image as greater brightness, occurs when tissues reflect more HFU waves. Echogenicity varies with tissue density and content.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 Other studies have provided little information about the ultrasound settings. 19,20,31 One important setting which has been variously described is time gain compensation (or gain); this operator-dependent control can make small adjustments or amplifications to account for the loss of amplitude that occurs when echoes travel from deeper tissue (attenuation). 32 These echoes can appear darker than echoes of equal magnitude that are reflected from more superficial structures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dermal thickness and echogenicity using DermaScan C high frequency ultrasound: Methodology and reliability testing in people with and without primary lymphoedema

Phillips

Reynolds

Gordon

2020

Skin Research and Technology

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Ultrasound has been used to measure in vivo skin thickness and fluid content since the 1980s. 1-4 In particular, the superficial focus of high frequency ultrasound (HFU) (15-22 MHz) results in an image of 1-2 mm depth where the dermis and epidermis are clearly demarcated and accessible for measurement. The distance from the entrance echo (on the surface of the epidermis) to the dermal subcutaneous tissue interface measures total skin thickness. This has been used for optimal site selection of dermal injections in diabetes 5 and vaccines in children and adults, 6 and enabled skin and subcutaneous tissue assessment following prednisolone treatment. 7 The validity of HFU to measure skin thickness was demonstrated in early investigations using a 15 MHz ultrasound and A-mode images by charting

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Measurement of skin thickness and skin elasticity to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive decongestive treatment in patients with lymphoedema: a prospective study

Abstract: Changes in dermal thickness are slightly correlated with volume changes before and after 5-day intensive CDP in a selected series of patients previously treated at home.

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Clinical effects of an oral supplement rich in antioxidants on skin radiance in women

Clinical effects of an oral supplement rich in antioxidants on skin radiance in women

Spermidine-induced recovery of human dermal structure and barrier function by skin microbiome

Dermal thickness and echogenicity using DermaScan C high frequency ultrasound: Methodology and reliability testing in people with and without primary lymphoedema

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