“…The main subunit B1, has been found in foetal tissues at 10, 17, and 24 weeks [37], and with higher concentration in liver, lung, stomach, intestine, kidney and meconium [38]. Increased serum levels of TPA may be present in several nonmalignant diseases: bacterial and viral infections [39], acute hepatitis [40], pregnancy (with particularly high values in the placenta and amniotic fluid [41,42]), and autoimmune disorders [43]. High levels of TPA have been reported in serum and urine of patients with several tumours, such as carcinoma of the breast, lung, stomach and colonrectum, pancreas, bladder, uterus, prostate, melanoma and lymphoma [44].…”