Measurement of the Cross Section for Electromagnetic Dissociation with Neutron Emission in Pb-Pb Collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>NN</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.76</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:math>

Abelev, B. I.; Adam, J.; Adamová, D.; Adare, A.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Rinella, G. Aglieri; Agócs, A. G.; Agostinelli, A.; Salazar, S. Aguilar; Ahammed, Z.; Masoodi, A. Ahmad; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Akindinov, A.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Molina, R. Alfaro; Alici, A.; Alkin, A.; Aviña, E. Almaráz; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altini, V.; Altinpinar, S.; Altsybeev, I.; Andrei, C.; Andronic, A.; Anguelov, V.; Anielski, J.; Antičić, T.; Antinori, F.; Antonioli, P.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arbor, N.; Arcelli, S.; Arend, A.; Armesto, N.; Arnaldi, R.; Aronsson, T.; Arsene, Ionut Cristian; Arslandok, M.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Äystö, J.; Azmi, M. D.; Bach, M.; Badalà, A.; Baek, Yongwook; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Ferroli, R. Baldini; Baldisseri, A.; Baldit, A.; Pedrosa, F. Baltasar Dos Santos; Bán, J.; Baral, R. C.; Barbera, R.; Barile, F.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L. S.; Barret, V.; Bartke, J.; Basile, M.; Bastid, N.; Basu, S.; Bathen, B.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Baumann, C.; Bearden, I. G.; Beck, H.; Belikov, I.; Bellini, F.; Bellwied, R.; Belmont‐Moreno, E.; Bencédi, G.; Beolè, S.; Berceanu, I.; Bercuci, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Berényi, D.; Berzano, D.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhom, J.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Bjelogrlic, S.; Blanco, F.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Bock, Nicolas; Bøgdanov, A.; Bøggild, H.; Bogolyubsky, M.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Book, J.; Borel, H.; Borissov, A.; Bose, S.; Bossù, F.; Botje, M.; Böttger, S.; Boyer, B.; Braidot, E.; Braun‐Munzinger, P.; Bregant, M.; Breitner, T.; Browning, T. A.; Broz, M.; Brun, R.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Bufalino, S.; Bugaiev, K.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Orduna, D. Caballero; Caffarri, D.; Cai, X.; Caines, H.; Villar, E. Calvo; Camerini, P.; Roman, V. Canoa; Romeo, G.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Díaz, A. Casanova; Castellanos, J. Castillo; Casula, E. A. R.; Cătănescu, V.; Cavicchioli, C.; Sànchez, C. Ceballos; Cepila, J.; Cerello, P.; Chang, B.; Chapeland, S.; Charvet, J. L.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chawla, I.; Cherney, M.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chiavassa, E.; Barroso, V. Chibante; Chinellato, D. D.; Chochula, P.; Chojnacki, M.; Choudhury, S.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chung, S. U.; Cicalò, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Coccetti, F.; Colamaria, F.; Colella, D.; Balbastre, G. Conesa; Valle, Z. Conesa del; Constantin, P.; Contin, G.; Contreras, J. G.; Cormier, Thomas Michael; Morales, Y. Corrales; Maldonado, I. Cortés; Cortese, P.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Crochet, P.; Alaniz, E. Cruz; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Erasmo, G. D; Dainese, A.; Dalsgaard, H. 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S.; Zhalov, M.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, F.; Zhou, Y.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, X.; Zichichi, A.; Zimmermann, A.; Zinovjev, G.; Zoccarato, Y.; Zynovyev, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.252302

Cited by 92 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The contamination from electromagnetic processes is negligible down to 80% centrality. In the bin 80-90% an upper limit for this contribution was estimated as 6%, using the energy distributions of the ZDCs and looking for the single (or few) neutron peaks on top of the distribution which would be expected for hadronic interactions [25,28]. The production of π ± , K ± , p, andp was measured at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) via three independent analyses, each one focusing on a subrange of the total p T distribution, with emphasis on the individual detectors and specific techniques to optimize the signal extraction.…”

Section: Published By the American Physical Society Under The Terms Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrality dependence ofπ,K, andpproduction in Pb-Pb collisions ats
Abelev¹,
Adam²,
Adamová³
et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. C
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34
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In this paper measurements are presented of π ± , K ± , p, andp production at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5), in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV as a function of centrality. The measurement covers the transverse-momentum (p T ) range from 100, 200, and 300 MeV/c up to 3, 3, and 4.6 GeV/c for π , K, and p, respectively. The measured p T distributions and yields are compared to expectations based on hydrodynamic, thermal and recombination models. The spectral shapes of central collisions show a stronger radial flow than measured at lower energies, which can be described in hydrodynamic models. In peripheral collisions, the p T distributions are not well reproduced by hydrodynamic models. Ratios of integrated particle yields are found to be nearly independent of centrality. The yield of protons normalized to pions is a factor ∼1.5 lower than the expectation from thermal models.

show abstract

Section: Published By the American Physical Society Under The Terms Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrality dependence ofπ,K, andpproduction in Pb-Pb collisions ats
Abelev¹,
Adam²,
Adamová³
et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. C
Self Cite
569
34
394
2
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show abstract

“…The ZDC has a 99% detection probability for neutrons with |η| > 8.8 [19]. Figure 1 illustrates the capabilities of the ZDC to separate the emission of zero, one or several neutrons at zero degrees.…”

Section: The Alice Experiments and The Upc Triggermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the luminosity was increased the trigger selection was strengthened to improve the purity by additionally requiring at least two hits in the outer layer of the SPD, and no activity in any of the VZERO arrays. The luminosity is determined from the cross section for triggering on at least one neutron in the ZDC detectors [19]. This cross section has been determined from a van der Meer scan [21] to be 371.4 ± 0.6 (stat.)…”

Section: Jhep09(2015)095mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent ρ 0 photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV

Adam¹,

Adamová²,

Aggarwal³

et al. 2015

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Abstract:We report the first measurement at the LHC of coherent photoproduction of ρ 0 mesons in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions. The invariant mass and transverse momentum distributions for ρ 0 production are studied in the π + π − decay channel at mid-rapidity. The production cross section in the rapidity range |y| < 0.5 is found to be dσ/dy = 425 ± 10 (stat.) +42 −50 (sys.) mb. Coherent ρ 0 production is studied with and without requirement of nuclear breakup, and the fractional yields for various breakup scenarios are presented. The results are compared with those from lower energies and with model predictions. Keywords: Hadron-Hadron ScatteringArXiv ePrint: 1503.09177Open Access, Copyright CERN, for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Article funded by SCOAP 3 .doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2015)095JHEP09 (2015)095 The ALICE collaboration 20 IntroductionCharged particle beams at the LHC generate an electromagnetic field which can be regarded as a beam of quasi-real photons; thus at the LHC, besides hadronic interactions, also photonuclear and photon-photon interactions occur. Collisions in which the impact parameter exceeds the sum of the radii of the incoming beam particles are called ultraperipheral collisions (UPC). In UPC the cross section for hadronic processes is strongly suppressed, while the cross sections for two-photon and photonuclear interactions remain large. This is particularly the case for heavy ions, because the intensity of the photon flux grows with the square of the ion charge, Z. A number of reviews of UPC are available; e.g., [1,2]. The ALICE Collaboration has previously studied exclusive photoproduction of J/ψ in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions [3][4][5]. Exclusive photoproduction of ρ 0 vector mesons, Pb + Pb → Pb + Pb + ρ 0 , can be described as the fluctuation of a quasi-real photon into a virtual ρ 0 vector meson, which then scatters elastically off the target nucleus. Two cases can be distinguished. When the interaction involves the complete target nucleus, the process is called coherent. In this case the target nucleus normally remains intact. If the virtual ρ 0 vector meson scatters off only one of the nucleons in the target, then the process is called incoherent and in this case the target nucleus normally breaks up, emitting neutrons at very forward rapidities. For coherent processes, the size of the lead ion restricts the mean transverse momentum of the vector meson to be about 60 MeV/c corresponding to a de Broglie wavelength of the nuclear size, while it is of the order of 500 MeV/c for incoherent processes.Because of the strong electromagnetic fields in ultra-peripheral collisions of heavy ions, multiple photons may be exchanged in a single event. The additional photons can lead to excitation of the nuclei. The dominant process is the excitation to a Giant Dipole Resonance [6]. As these photonuclear processes occur on a different time scale, they are -1 - JHEP09(2015)095assumed to be independent, so the probabilities factorize. The excited nucleus typically decays b...

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“…As can be seen from the table, the exponential factor plays here only a minor role in practical calculations for single-nucleus excitation. We have also collected the experimental data of the ALICE collaboration [34]. We observe some disagreement especially for three neutrons.…”

Section: Results For Electromagnetic Excitations In Upcsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…[38]; Au-Pb collision data rescaled to Au-Au case) and right panel shows the results for Pb nuclei (data are from SPS [39] and LHC (ALICE) [34]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Electromagnetic excitation of nuclei and neutron evaporation in ultrarelativistic ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions

et al. 2014

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We present a new approach for calculating the electromagnetic excitation of nuclei as well as probabilities of emission and different distributions of neutrons from decays of excited nuclear systems for ultrarelativistic, ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions. Excitation functions for γ + Pb → Pb * and γ + Au → Au * are parametrized using physics-motivated components: the excitation of giant resonances, quasideuteron absorption mechanism, excitation of nucleon resonances, as well as high-energy dissociation of protons and neutrons. Neutron emission (up to ten neutrons) from low-energy excitations of 208 Pb and 197 Au is modeled in terms of the Hauser-Feshbach formalism. The probabilities of a given number of neutrons are calculated as a function of excitation energy in a Monte Carlo code GEMINI++. These probabilities are parametrized by smooth analytical functions. The results are compared to appropriate data for the γ Pb → Pb * → kn and γ Au → Au * → kn reaction. As an example, the approach is used for calculating electromagnetic excitation in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions (UPC) processes. Both single-photon and double-photon excitations are included and discussed. Topological cross sections with a given number of neutrons in the forward and backward directions are calculated at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. Excitation functions are presented. The results of the calculation are compared to Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), RHIC, and more recent A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) experimental data and good agreement is achieved.

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Measurement of the Cross Section for Electromagnetic Dissociation with Neutron Emission in Pb-Pb Collisions atsNN=2.76 TeV

Cited by 92 publications

References 23 publications

Centrality dependence ofπ,K, andpproduction in Pb-Pb collisions ats
Abelev¹,
Adam²,
Adamová³
et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. C
Self Cite
569
34
394
2
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Centrality dependence ofπ,K, andpproduction in Pb-Pb collisions ats
Abelev¹,
Adam²,
Adamová³
et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. C
Self Cite
569
34
394
2
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coherent ρ 0 photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV

Electromagnetic excitation of nuclei and neutron evaporation in ultrarelativistic ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions

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Measurement of the Cross Section for Electromagnetic Dissociation with Neutron Emission in Pb-Pb Collisions atsNN=2.76 TeV

Cited by 92 publications

References 23 publications

Centrality dependence ofπ,K, andpproduction in Pb-Pb collisions atsAbelev1, Adam2, Adamová3 et al. 2013Phys. Rev. CSelf Cite569343942View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Centrality dependence ofπ,K, andpproduction in Pb-Pb collisions atsAbelev1, Adam2, Adamová3 et al. 2013Phys. Rev. CSelf Cite569343942View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Coherent ρ 0 photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV

Electromagnetic excitation of nuclei and neutron evaporation in ultrarelativistic ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Centrality dependence ofπ,K, andpproduction in Pb-Pb collisions ats
Abelev¹,
Adam²,
Adamová³
et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. C
Self Cite
569
34
394
2
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Centrality dependence ofπ,K, andpproduction in Pb-Pb collisions ats
Abelev¹,
Adam²,
Adamová³
et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. C
Self Cite
569
34
394
2
View full text Add to dashboard Cite