Measurement of the electrical charge on some basidiospores and an assessment of two possible mechanisms of ballistospore propulsion

Webster, John; Proctor, M. C. F.; Davey, Robert A.; Duller, G.A.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(88)80205-5

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…in [3]) was found on a 'mean' spore of Serpula lacrymans (Wulfen) J. Schröt. The charge magnitude was also measured [5] in the period when the studies that lead to the correct interpretation of the ballistosporic discharge mechanism in basidiomycetes were performed. Then, in the 1980s, evidences on the liquids on the spore were provided, and the surface tension hypothesis about the ballistospore discharge mechanism was advanced (and the electrostatic repulsion hypothesis rejected).…”

Section: E (As [1·35±0·12]×10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface tension hypothesis involved two postulates: 1) as Buller's drop expands, it eventually touches the spore wall above the hilar appendix, resulting in a rapid wetting of the whole of the spore, and 2) this fluid movement causes the rapid redistribution of mass, creating linear momentum in the direction away from the sterigma (the spore-bearing projection of basidium), leading to separation of the spore from the basidium [7]. Calculations of the energy required to project the spore off the basidium showed that the surface energy of the drop could be sufficient to perform the work involved [5]. The hypothesis about the electrostatic repulsion between the spore and the basidium involved the claim that the charge on the spore and the basidium are equal (in both magnitude and polarity) at the moment of discharge [5].…”

Section: E (As [1·35±0·12]×10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculations of the energy required to project the spore off the basidium showed that the surface energy of the drop could be sufficient to perform the work involved [5]. The hypothesis about the electrostatic repulsion between the spore and the basidium involved the claim that the charge on the spore and the basidium are equal (in both magnitude and polarity) at the moment of discharge [5]. In nine species of Agaricomycetes, the spore charge-to-mass quotient was measured and the charge magnitude determined [5].…”

Section: E (As [1·35±0·12]×10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hypothesis about the electrostatic repulsion between the spore and the basidium involved the claim that the charge on the spore and the basidium are equal (in both magnitude and polarity) at the moment of discharge [5]. In nine species of Agaricomycetes, the spore charge-to-mass quotient was measured and the charge magnitude determined [5]. The mean value varies over a wide range, from 273 e (as 4.37 × 10 −17 C in [5] for Marasmius oreades (Bolton) Fr.)…”

Section: E (As [1·35±0·12]×10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In nine species of Agaricomycetes, the spore charge-to-mass quotient was measured and the charge magnitude determined [5]. The mean value varies over a wide range, from 273 e (as 4.37 × 10 −17 C in [5] for Marasmius oreades (Bolton) Fr.) to 7 e (as 0.12 × 10 −17 C in [5] for Agaricus bisporus L.).…”

Section: E (As [1·35±0·12]×10mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary basidiospore charge and taxonomy of Agaricomycetes

Saar

Parmasto

2014

Open Life Sciences

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This article deals with the polarity of electrostatic charges that are carried on ballistic basidiospores after their liberation from fruiting bodies. The spores were collected by placing a portable device beneath the basidiome and allowing them to fall in a horizontal homogeneous electrostatic field, created by vertical parallel plane electrodes. Thus, the experimental setup enabled to investigate the primary charges, the charges present on spores immediately after the release from spore bearing cells. Spores of 135 basidiomes of 50 species of hymenomycetous fungi were collected in various natural conditions. The non-turgescent (drying up, collapsing or ceasing to sporulate) basidiomes were excluded from the taxonomical analysis; the 128 turgescent basidiomes (223 spore samples) of 47 species were taxonomically analyzed. These species represented eight orders (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota), covering 21 families and 36 genera. The analysis showed that the spore charges were distributed according to the polarity similarly in all samples in a species, and in a genus. In most cases also genera of one family had the same type of polarity distribution of spore charges. Possibly all taxa from species to monophyletic families are characterized by specific type of polarity of the primary electrostatic charge of basidiospores. Depending on the taxonomical group, all spore charges were negative, positive, or both negative and positive charges were present. This information could be useful in investing the ballistosporic discharge mechanism and for constructing higher-level phylogeny.

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Section: E (As [1·35±0·12]×10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E (As [1·35±0·12]×10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E (As [1·35±0·12]×10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E (As [1·35±0·12]×10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E (As [1·35±0·12]×10mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary basidiospore charge and taxonomy of Agaricomycetes

Saar

Parmasto

2014

Open Life Sciences

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Fungal Spores

Moore-Landecker¹

2011

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Many heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms belong to the monophyletic kingdom Fungi. Because of their stationary life style, fungi reproduce by forming spores, cells that are specialised for dispersal to new locations by air, water or animals. Flagellated zoospores are produced by simple aquatic fungi. Most fungi are terrestrial, growing as hyphae and producing thick‐walled nonmotile spores. Asexual spores include sporangiospores and conidia, whereas sexual spores include zygospores, ascospores and basidiospores. Ascospores and basidiospores often are forcibly ejected into the air. Sporulation requires favourable nutritional and environmental conditions such as light and temperature, and involves cellular signalling and metabolic responses. As spores mature, their walls thicken, energy reserves such as lipid are acccumulated, and their metabolism decreases as they prepare for dormancy. Mature spores may undergo either exogenous or constitutive dormancy before germination. Upon germination, metabolic acitivity increases and a germ tube emerges from the spore. Key Concepts: Fungal spores have a unique role in fungal life cycles as they provide the genetic link between one generation and another. Spores can be part of asexual or sexual reproductive cycles, and are sometimes borne by multicellular sporocarps. Spores in part owe their success to their thick walls, reserve energy source, low metabolic rate and ability to withstand environmental stress that enables them to survive during dispersal. Some fungi coevolved with insects, establishing mutualistic symbiotic relationships, and depend upon them for spore dispersal. Sporulation occurs within a narrow range of special nutritional and environmental conditions, and involves signal transduction, gene activation and metabolic turnover. Sporulation and spore germination of some fungi are coordinated with light and temperature changes marking day and night cycles, the seasons or with life cycles of their hosts. Conditions required for germination reflect the particular biological adaptations and requirements of the fungus, and ensure that further somatic growth will be successful. Scientists should understand spore biology so that they may better control animal, plant and human diseases; to better utilise fungi for industrial purposes, or to utilise them more effectively in the laboratory.

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Biomechanics of Spore Release in Phytopathogens

Money

Fischer

The Mycota

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Measurement of the electrical charge on some basidiospores and an assessment of two possible mechanisms of ballistospore propulsion

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Primary basidiospore charge and taxonomy of Agaricomycetes

Primary basidiospore charge and taxonomy of Agaricomycetes

Fungal Spores

Biomechanics of Spore Release in Phytopathogens

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