Measurement of the Flux of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays from Monocular Observations by the High Resolution Fly’s Eye Experiment

Abbasi, Rasha; Abu‐Zayyad, T.; Amann, J. F.; Archbold, G.; Bellido, J. A.; Belov, K.; Belz, J. W.; Bergman, D. R.; Cao, Zhen; Clay, R. W.; Cooper, M.; Dai, H. Y.; Dawson, B. R.; Everett, A.; Fedorova, Y.; Girard, J.; Gray, R.; Hanlon, W.; Hoffman, C. M.; Holzscheiter, M. H.; Hüntemeyer, P.; Jones, B. F.; Jui, C.; Kieda, D. B.; Kim, K.; Kirn, M.; Loh, E. C.; Manago, Naohiro; Marek, Lukáš; Martens, K.; Martin, G.; Matthews, John; Matthews, J. N.; Meyer, J. R.; Moore, Sheva; Morrison, Philip; Moosman, A. N.; Mumford, J. R.; Munro, M.; Painter, C. A.; Perera, L.; Reil, K.; Riehle, R.; Roberts, M.; Sarracino, John; Sasaki, M.; Schnetzer, S.; Shen, PR; Simpson, K. M.; Sinnis, G.; Smith, J. D.; Sokolsky, P.; Song, C.; Springer, R. W.; Stokes, B. T.; Taylor, Scott; Thomas, S. B.; Thompson, T. N.; Thomson, G. B.; Tupa, D.; Westerhoff, S.; Wiencke, L.; Vanderveen, T.; Zech, A.; Zhang, X.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.92.151101

Cited by 243 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The flux of events correlated with BL Lacs is [43] roughly 0.03 of the total cosmic-ray flux at 10 19 eV. The latter flux as detected by HiRes [44] is J CR E 3 % 2 Â 10 24 eV 2 m À2 s À1 sr À1 . The estimate of the corresponding flux of E 0 $ GeV photons may be obtained from the energy conservation and in the IGMF-conversion scenraio reads as…”

Section: Axions As Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Raysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photon-axion mixing and ultra-high energy cosmic rays from BL Lac type objects: Shining light through the Universe

2011

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Photons may convert into axion-like particles and back in the magnetic field of various astrophysical objects, including active galaxies, clusters of galaxies, intergalactic space and the Milky Way. This is a potential explanation for the candidate neutral ultra-high energy (E > 10 18 eV) particles from distant BL Lac type objects which probably have been observed by the High Resolution Fly's Eye experiment. Axions of the same mass and coupling may explain also TeV photons detected from distant blazars.

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Section: Axions As Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Raysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photon-axion mixing and ultra-high energy cosmic rays from BL Lac type objects: Shining light through the Universe

2011

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“…No magnetic fields are taken into account and fluxes have been computed with the one dimensional version of CRPropa. AGASA data [34] are shown as triangels, HiRes data [35] as crosses. Lower panel: Same over a wider energy range.…”

Section: Fig 1: Upper Panel: Fluxes Of Primary Nucleons (Black)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonuniversal spectra of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray primaries and secondaries in a structured universe

Sigl

2007

Phys. Rev. D

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Analytical calculations of extra-galactic cosmic ray spectra above ∼ 10 17 eV are often performed assuming continuous source distributions, giving rise to spectra that depend little on the propagation mode, be it rectilinear or diffusive. We perform trajectory simulations for proton primaries in the probably more realistic case of discrete sources with a density of ∼ 10 −5 Mpc −3 . We find two considerable non-universal effects that depend on source distributions and magnetic fields: First, the primary extra-galactic cosmic ray flux can become strongly suppressed below a few 10 18 eV due to partial confinement in magnetic fields surrounding sources. Second, the secondary photon to primary cosmic ray flux ratio between ≃ 3 × 10 18 eV and ≃ 10 20 eV decreases with decreasing source density and increasing magnetization. As a consequence, in acceleration scenarios for the origin of highest energy cosmic rays the fraction of secondary photons may be difficult to detect even for experiments such as Pierre Auger. The cosmogenic neutrino flux does not significantly depend on source density and magnetization.

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“…Since the 60's, when the use of extensive air shower (EAS) fluorescence light yield for the ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR's) detection was first proposed, many past, current and future experiments [1,2,3] utilize the effect to get a clue about the origin of cosmic rays. First applied for the Utah Fly's Eye detector [4] the emitted fluorescence light of EAS is used to reconstruct the shower geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometry reconstruction of fluorescence detectors revisited

Kuempel

Kampert

Risse

2008

Astroparticle Physics

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Abstract:The experimental technique of fluorescence light observation is used in current and planned air shower experiments that aim at understanding the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In the fluorescence technique, the geometry of the shower is reconstructed based on the correlation between viewing angle and arrival time of the signals detected by the telescope. The signals are compared to those expected for different shower geometries and the best-fit geometry is determined. The calculation of the expected signals is usually based on a relatively simple function which is motivated by basic geometrical considerations. This function is based on certain assumptions on the processes of light emission and propagation through the atmosphere. For instance, the fluorescence light is assumed to propagate with vacuum speed of light. We investigate the validity of these assumptions and provide corrections that can be used in the geometry reconstruction. The impact on reconstruction parameters is studied. The results are also relevant for hybrid observations where the shower is registered simultaneously by fluorescence and surface detectors.

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Measurement of the Flux of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays from Monocular Observations by the High Resolution Fly’s Eye Experiment

Cited by 243 publications

References 14 publications

Photon-axion mixing and ultra-high energy cosmic rays from BL Lac type objects: Shining light through the Universe

Photon-axion mixing and ultra-high energy cosmic rays from BL Lac type objects: Shining light through the Universe

Nonuniversal spectra of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray primaries and secondaries in a structured universe

Geometry reconstruction of fluorescence detectors revisited

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