Measurement of the internal cell temperature via impedance: Evaluation and application of a new method

Schmidt, Jan Philipp; Arnold, Stefan; Loges, André; Werner, Daniel; Wetzel, Thomas; Ivers-Tiffée, Ellen

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.013

Cited by 190 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The cell temperature gradients are controlled with the combination of the environmental chamber and a heating plate. Considering the thickness of the cell is 13 mm (Table 1), it facilitates the formation of the stabilized temperature difference, and it is beneficial to verify the relationship between the measured phase shift and the mean temperature value from the results of the embedded thermalcouple, thereby the two lateral surfaces of the cell are imposed [17]. One side of the battery cell is covered with the heat plate, and another side is exposed to the environment as depicted in Figure 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, a simple technique to monitor battery internal temperature based on impedance measurement has been proposed [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Hande [15] provided a technique to estimate the cell internal temperature by measuring the pulse resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Srinivasan et al [16] firstly demonstrated the intrinsic relationship between battery internal temperature and the phase shift obtained from EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). Schmidt et al [17] introduced a sensorless temperature measurement method for a 2 Ah pouch cell via the real part of impedance spectroscopy at high frequencies with state of charge (SoC) status unknown and they also studied the influence of temperature gradient on the method by experiments. Richardson and Howey [18] proposed a one-dimensional model, which was validated utilizing internal thermocouple measurement, to estimate the temperature distribution for a 2.3 Ah LiFePO 4 cylindrical cell by combined the real and imaginary impedance and battery surface temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, they extended the estimation using an electrical-thermal model coupled with impedance measurement [19]. Schmidt et al [17] and Richardson et al [19] also showed that the estimated temperature inferred from impedance represented the equivalent uniform cell temperature. The impedance phase shift is another important parameter in the EIS test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raijmakers et al [4] also put forward an intercept frequency which was extracted from impedance spectra of a Li(NCA)O 2 and a LiFePO 4 battery and exclusively related to the internal battery temperature based on EIS. As aforementioned, the impedance-based temperature estimation methods eliminate the requirements of too many hardware temperature sensors and knowledge of the cell thermal properties [4,[17][18][19]. Battery SoC and health often visibly change and several effective estimation strategies considering uncertain driving conditions for EVs and HEVs have been presented [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Battery Internal Temperature Estimation for LiFePO4 Battery Based on Impedance Phase Shift under Operating Conditions

et al. 2017

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An impedance-based temperature estimation method is investigated considering the electrochemical non-equilibrium with short-term relaxation time for facilitating the vehicular application. Generally, sufficient relaxation time is required for battery electrochemical equilibrium before the impedance measurement. A detailed experiment is performed to investigate the regularity of the battery impedance in short-term relaxation time after switch-off current excitation, which indicates that the impedance can be measured and also has systematical decrement with the relaxation time growth. Based on the discussion of impedance variation in electrochemical perspective, as well as the monotonic relationship between impedance phase shift and battery internal temperature in the electrochemical equilibrium state, an exponential equation that accounts for both measured phase shift and relaxation time is established to correct the measuring deviation caused by electrochemical non-equilibrium. Then, a multivariate linear equation coupled with ambient temperature is derived considering the temperature gradients between the active part and battery surface. Equations stated above are all identified with the embedded thermocouple experimentally. In conclusion, the temperature estimation method can be a valuable alternative for temperature monitoring during cell operating, and serve the functionality as an efficient implementation in battery thermal management system for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Battery Internal Temperature Estimation for LiFePO4 Battery Based on Impedance Phase Shift under Operating Conditions

et al. 2017

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Toward Better and Smarter Batteries by Combining AI with Multisensory and Self‐Healing Approaches

Vegge¹,

Tarascon

Edström

2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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With an exponentially growing demand for rechargeable batteries, the development of new ultra‐performant, fully scalable, and sustainable battery technologies and materials must be accelerated. Creating a holistic, closed‐loop infrastructure for materials discovery, manufacturing, and battery testing that utilizes a common data infrastructure and autonomous workflows to bridge big data from all domains of the battery value chain, can pave the way for a transformative reduction in the required time to discovery. By embedding multisensory and self‐healing capabilities in future battery technologies and integrating these with AI and physics‐aware machine learning models capable of predicting the spatio‐temporal evolution of battery materials and interfaces, it will, in time, be possible to identify, predict and prevent potential degradation and failure modes. This will facilitate enhanced battery quality, reliability, and life, for example, by preemptively changing the battery charging conditions or releasing self‐healing additives from the separator membrane, akin to preemptive medicine, and form the basis for inverse design of new battery materials, interfaces, and additives. The large‐scale and long‐term European research initiative BATTERY 2030+ seeks to make this longer‐than ten‐year vision a reality through the development of a versatile and chemistry neutral “Battery Interface Genome—Materials Acceleration Platform” infrastructure (BIG‐MAP).

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On‐Load Impedance Measurements on Automotive Lithium‐Ion Cells

Calles

Ulke

Heitjans

et al. 2021

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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The contribution presents examples for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data taken on automotive lithium-ion battery cells. Discharge was done with the help of an external load. The measurements were done with an initial state of charge of about 97 %, at 23 °C and from 5000-0.1 Hz. Spectra were fitted with an equivalent circuit containing two RC elements and an inductance. For load currents up to 20 A and in certain regions of the used frequency range, it is possible to measure impedance spectra also under load that almost coincide with load-free spectra.

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Measurement of the internal cell temperature via impedance: Evaluation and application of a new method

Cited by 190 publications

References 18 publications

Battery Internal Temperature Estimation for LiFePO4 Battery Based on Impedance Phase Shift under Operating Conditions

Battery Internal Temperature Estimation for LiFePO4 Battery Based on Impedance Phase Shift under Operating Conditions

Toward Better and Smarter Batteries by Combining AI with Multisensory and Self‐Healing Approaches

On‐Load Impedance Measurements on Automotive Lithium‐Ion Cells

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