Measurement of the proton-air cross section with Telescope Array’s Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode

Abbasi, Rasha; Abe, M.; Abu‐Zayyad, T.; Allen, M.; Azuma, R.; Barcikowski, E.; Belz, J. W.; Bergman, Douglas; Blake, S. A.; Cady, R.; Chae, M. J.; Cheon, B. G.; Chiba, J.; Chikawa, M.; Cho, W. R.; Fujii, Toshihiro; Fukushima, M.; Goto, Toru; Hanlon, W.; Hayashi, Y.; Hayashida, N.; Hibino, K.; Honda, K.; Ikeda, D.; Inoue, N.; Ishii, Takaaki; Ishimori, R.; Ito, Hirotaka; Ivanov, D.; Jui, C.; Kadota, K.; Kakimoto, F.; Kalashev, O.; Kasahara, K.; Kawai, H.; Kawakami, S.; Kawana, S.; Kawata, K.; Kido, E.; Kim, H. B.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, J. H.; Kitamura, S.; Kitamura, Yoshihisa; Kuzmin, V.; Kwon, Y. J.; Lan, J.; Lim, S. I.; Lundquist, Jon Paul; Machida, K.; Martens, K.; Matsuda, Toshio; Matsuyama, T.; Matthews, J. N.; Minamino, M.; Mukai, Yoshihiro; Myers, I.; Nagasawa, K.; Nagataki, Shigehiro; Nakamura, Tôru; Nonaka, T.; Nozato, A.; Ogio, S.; Ogura, J.; Ohnishi, M.; Ohoka, H.; Oki, K.; Okuda, Takeshi; Ono, M.; Oshima, A.; Ozawa, S.; Park, I. H.; Пширков, М. С.; Rodriguez, D.; Рубцов, Г.; Ryu, Dongsu; Sagawa, H.; Sakurai, N.; Scott, L. M.; Shah, P. D.; Shibata, F.; Shibata, T.; Shimodaira, Hidetoshi; Shin, B. K.; Shin, Han-Back; Smith, J. D.; Sokolsky, P.; Springer, R. W.; Stokes, B. T.; Stratton, S. R.; Stroman, T. A.; Suzawa, T.; Takamura, M.; Takeda, M.; Takeishi, R.; Taketa, A.; Takita, M.; Tameda, Y.; Tanaka, Hidekazu; Tanaka, K.; Tanaka, M.; Thomas, S. B.; Thomson, G. B.; Tinyakov, P.; Tkachev, I.; Tokuno, H.; Tomida, T.; Troitsky, S.; Tsunesada, Y.; Tsutsumi, K.; Uchihori, Y.; Udo, S.; Urban, Federico R.; Vasiloff, G.; Wong, Tony; Yamane, R.; Yamaoka, H.; Yamazaki, K.; Yang, Jian; Yashiro, K.; Yoneda, Y.; Yoshida, Shigeru; Yoshii, H.; Zollinger, R.; Zundel, Z.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.92.032007

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The subsequent shower interactions give the overall scale of the muon content, but play a sub dominant role in the fluctuations. It is worth noting that the p-Air cross section represents the only other example of a direct link between EAS measurements to a property of the first interaction of the UHECR, and which has been measured [26,27]. The present work demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to directly access multiparticle production variables of the p-Air interaction, which can occur at center-of-mass energies above the LHC scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Probing the energy spectrum of hadrons in proton air interactions at ultrahigh energies through the fluctuations of the muon content of extensive air showers

2018

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We demonstrate that the shower-to-shower fluctuations of the muon content of extensive air showers correlate with the fluctuations of a variable of the first interaction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, which is computed from the fraction of energy carried by the hadrons that sustain the hadronic cascade. The influence of subsequent stages of the shower development is found to play a sub-dominant role. As a consequence, the shower-to-shower distribution of the muon content is a direct probe of the hadron energy spectrum of interactions beyond those reachable in human-made accelerators.Keywords: high energy hadron interactions; ultrahigh energy cosmic rays; extensive air showers; muon production; fluctuations; hadron energy spectrum; arXiv:/hep-ph/1803.05699 The shower-to-shower fluctuations in the muon content of proton-induced EASEAS initiated by UHECRs develop in two components: the hadronic and the electromagnetic (EM) cascades. The EM component consists of photons, electrons and positrons. It arises from the EM decay of mesons in the hadronic component, predominantly from neutral pions, π 0 . Photons and electrons in the EM cascade only rarely undergo interactions that produce hadrons. In each interaction, approximately a third of the energy is transferred from the hadronic to the EM cascade, cor-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…If protons are present, the adistribution is dominated by protons at low-a values, making it possible to extract direct information of the first interaction. The same strategy was used to measure the proton-Air cross section by using X max [26,27].…”

Section: The Scenario Of Nucleus-air Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the energy spectrum of hadrons in proton air interactions at ultrahigh energies through the fluctuations of the muon content of extensive air showers

2018

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“…See Ulrich et al (2009) for references. Recent results are the Auger and TA measurements Abbasi et al, 2015;Ulrich, 2016). Reproduced with permission from Ulrich (2016).…”

Section: Hadronic Interactions At Ultrahigh Energiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies

Batista

Biteau

Bustamante

et al. 2019

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

211

119

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We review open questions and prospects for progress in ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) research, based on a series of discussions that took place during the "The High-Energy Universe: Gamma-Ray, Neutrino, and Cosmic-ray Astronomy" MIAPP workshop in 2018. Specifically, we overview open questions on the origin of the bulk of UHECRs, the UHECR mass composition, the origin of the end of the cosmic-ray spectrum, the transition from Galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays, the effect of magnetic fields on the trajectories of UHECRs, anisotropy expectations for specific astrophysical scenarios, hadronic interactions, and prospects for discovering neutral particles as well as new physics at ultrahigh energies. We also briefly overview upcoming and proposed UHECR experiments and discuss their projected science reach.

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“…The recent result from LHC is also shown by the star marker [26]. The results by cosmic ray detectors are also included [24,[27][28][29][30]. The solid line is the QCD inspired fit [20], the dashed line is the COMPETE collaboration fit [21] and the dotted line is the L γ fit by Menon and Silva [22] .…”

Section: Proton -Air Total Cross Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To convert the σ pp to σ pair , the Glauber model [23] is used together with Block et.al . [20] (see Figure 8 in reference [24]). Using these models a change in the p-p total cross section is magnified by a factor of about 1.6 by nuclear effects in the p-air cross section.…”

Section: Proton -Air Total Cross Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

\(\langle X_{\text{max}} \rangle \) Uncertainty from Extrapolation of Cosmic Ray Air Shower Parameters

Abbasi

Thomson

2018

Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR2016)

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In this work we investigate the uncertainties in the prediction of the average shower maximum, < X max >, by the currently used high energy cosmic ray shower simulation models. Recent measurements at the LHC have provided constrains on some of the parameters in these models. However, uncertainties in the prediction of < X max > remain due to extrapolation from accelerator data up to center of mass of 250 TeV. The extrapolation in the elasticity, multiplicity, and p-p cross section from the LHC energy range to 3 × 10 19 eV in a cosmic ray's lab frame is investigated in this proceeding. Our calculation of the uncertainty in < X max > is approximately equal to the difference among the modern models being used in the field.

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Measurement of the proton-air cross section with Telescope Array’s Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode

Cited by 53 publications

References 42 publications

Probing the energy spectrum of hadrons in proton air interactions at ultrahigh energies through the fluctuations of the muon content of extensive air showers

Probing the energy spectrum of hadrons in proton air interactions at ultrahigh energies through the fluctuations of the muon content of extensive air showers

Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies

\(\langle X_{\text{max}} \rangle \) Uncertainty from Extrapolation of Cosmic Ray Air Shower Parameters

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