Measurement of the proton structure function F2 in ep scattering at HERA

Derrick, M.; Krakauer, D.; Magill, S.; Musgrave, B.; Repond, J.; Repond, S.; Stanek, R. W.; Talaga, R. L.; Thron, J. L.; Arzarello, F.; Ayad, R.; Bari, G.; Basile, M.; Bellagamba, L.; Boscherini, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Bruni, P.; Romero, G. Cara; Castellini, G.; Chiarini, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Ciralli, F.; Contin, A.; D’Auria, S.; Papa, C. Del; Frasconi, F.; Giusti, P.; Iacobucci, G.; Laurenti, G.; Levi, G.; Lin, O.; Losowski, B.; Maccarrone, G.; Margotti, A.; Massam, T.; Monaldi, Daniela; Nania, R.; Nemoz, C.; Palmonari, F.; Sartorelli, G.; Timellini, R.; Garcia, Y. Zamora; Zichini, A.; Bargende, A.; Crittenden, J.; Desch, K.; Diekmann, B.; Doeker, T.; Frey, A.; Geerts, M.; Geitz, G.; Hartmann, H.; Haun, Daniel B. M.; Héinloth, K.; Hilger, E.; Jacob, H.; Kramaczyk, S.; Kückes, M.; Mass, A.; Mengel, S.; Mollen, J.; Müsch, H.; Paul, E.; Schattevoy, R.; Schneider, J.-L.; Schramm, David N.; Wedemeyer, R.; Cassidy, A.; Cussans, D.; Dyce, N.; Foster, B.; George, S.; Gilmore, R.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Lancaster, M.; Llwellyn, T.J.; Morgado, Cjs; Omara, Ja; Tapper, R. J.; Wilson, Stephen; Yoshida, R.; Rau, R. R.; Arneodo, M.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Bernstein, Adam; Caldwell, A.; Gialas, I.; Parsons, J. A.; Ritz, S.; Sciulli, F.; Straub, P.B.; Wai, L.; Yang, S.; Borzemski, P.; Chwastowski, J. J.; Dwuraźny, A.; Eskreys, A.; Jakubowski, Z.; Niziol, B.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Zachara, M.; Zawiejski, L.; Adamczyk, L.; Bednarek, B.; Eskreys, K.; Jeleń, K.; Kisielewska, D.; Kowalski, T.; Rulikowska-Zarȩbska, E.; Suszycki, L.; Zając, Józef; Kȩdzierski, T.; Kotański, A.; Przybycień, M.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Behrens, U.; Bienlein, J. K.; Böttcher, S.; Coldewey, C.; Dannemann, A.; Drews, G.; Erhard, P.; Flasiński, Mariusz; Fleck, I.; Gilkinson, D. J.; Gläser, R.; Göttlicher, P.; Gutjahr, B.; Haas, T.; Hagge, Lars; Hain, W.; Hasell, D.; Hultschig, H.; Jahnen, G.; Joos, P.; Kasemann, M.; Klanner, R.; Koch, W.; Köpke, L.; Kötz, U.; Kowalski, H.; Kröger, W.; Krüger, J.; Labs, J.; Ladage, A.; Löhr, B.; Löwe, M.; Lüke, D.; Mainusch, J.; Mańczak, O.; Momayezi, M.; Ng, J. S. T.; Nickel, Stefan; Notz, D.; Pösnecker, K. U.; Rohde, M.; Roldán, J.; Ros, E.; Schneekloth, U.; Schroeder, J.; Schulz, W.; Selonke, F.; Stiliaris, E.; Tscheslog, E.; Tsurugai, T.; Vogel, W.; Westphal, Douglas L.; Wolf, G.; Youngman, C.; Grabosch, H. J.; Leich, A.; Meyer, Andreas Bernhard; Rethfeldt, C.; Schlenstedt, S.; Barbagli, G.; Francescato, A.; Nuti, Marco; Pelfer, P. G.; Anzivino, G.; Casaccia, R.; Pasquale, S. De; Qian, S. J.; Votano, L.; Bamberger, A.; Freidhof, A.; Poser, T.; Söldner-Rembold, S.; Theisen, G.; Trefzger, T.; Brook, N. H.; Bussey, P.; Doyle, A. T.; Forbes, J.R.; Jamieson, V.A.; Raine, C.; Saxon, D. H.; Brückmann, H.; Gloth, G.; Holm, U.; Kammerlocher, H.; Krebs, B.; Neumann, T.; Wick, K.; Fürtjes, A.; Lohrmann, E.; Milewski, J.; Nakahata, M.; Pavel, N.; Poelz, G.; Schott, W.; Terrón, J.; Zetsche, Frank; Bacon, T. C.; Beuselinck, R.; Butterworth, I.; Gallo, E.; Harris, V. L.; Miller, D. B.; Prinias, A.; Sedgbeer, J. K.; Vorvolakos, A.; Whitfield, A. F.; Bienz, T.; Kreutzmann, H.; Mallik, U.; McCliment, E.; Roco, M.; Wang, M.-Z.; Cloth, P.; Filges, D.; An, S. H.; Hong, S.; Kim, C.O.; Kim, T.Y.; Nam, S.; Park, S.K.; Suh, M. H.; Yon, S. H.; Imlay, R.; Kartik, S.; Kim, H.-J.; McNeil, R. R.; Metcalf, W.; Nadendla, V. K.; Barreiro, F.; Cases, G.; Hervás, L.; Labarga, L.; Peso, J. Del; Trocóniz, J. F. de; Ikraiam, F.; Mayer, J.; Smith, G. R.; Corriveau, F.; Hanna, D.; Hartmann, J.; Hung, L. W.; Lim, J.; Drees, R. Meijer; Matthews, C. G.; Mitchell, J. W.; Patel, P. M.; Sinclair, L.E.; Stairs, D. G.; St.Laurent, M.; Ullmann, R.; Bashindzhagyan, G. L.; Ermolov, P.; Gladilin, L. K.; Golubkov, Yu. A.; Kuzmin, V. A.; Kuznetsov, E.; Savin, A.A.; Voronin, A.; Zotov, N. P.; Bentvelsen, S.; Botje, M.; Dake, A.; Engelen, J.; Jong, P. de; Kamps, Marc de; Kooijman, P.; Kruse, A.; Lugt, H. van der; O’Dell, V.; Tenner, A.; Tiecke, H.; Uijterwaal, H.; Vreeswijk, M.; Wiggers, L.; Wolf, E. de; Woudenberg, R. van; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Honscheid, K.; Li, C.; Ling, T. Y.; McLean, K. W.; Murray, W. N.; Park, I.H.; Romanowski, T. A.; Seidlein, R.; Blair, G.A.; Byrne, A.; Cashmore, R. J.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Devenish, R.C.E.; Gingrich, D. M.; Hallam-Baker, Phillip; Harnew, N.; Khatri, T.; Long, K.; Luffman, P.; McArthur, I.; Morawitz, P.; Nash, J.A.; Smith, S.J.P.; Roocroft, N.C.; Wilson, F. F.; Abbiendi, G.; Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Corso, F. Dal; Giorgi, M. De; Dosselli, U.; Gasparini, F.; Limentani, S.; Morandin, M.; Posocco, M.; Stančo, L.; Stroili, R.; Voci, C.; Butterworth, J. M.; Bulmahn, J.; Feild, G.; Oh, B.Y.; Whitmore, J.; Contino, U.; D’Agostini, G.; Guida, M.; Iori, M.; Mari, S. M.; Marini, G.; Mattioli, M.; Nigro, A.; Hart, J. C.; McCubbin, N. A.; Prytz, Kjell; Shah, T.; Short, T.L.; Barberis, E.; Cartiglia, N.; Heusch, C. A.; Hubbard, B.; Leslie, J. R.; Lockman, W. S.; O’Shaughnessy, K.; Sadrozinski, H. F-W.; Seiden, A.; Zer-Zion, D.; Badura, E.; Biltzinger, J.; Seifert, R. J.; Walenta, A.H.; Zech, G.; Dagan, S.; Levy, A.; Hasegawa, T.; Hazumi, M.; Ishii, T.; Kasai, S.; Kuze, M.; Mine, S.; Nagasawa, Yutaka; Nagira, T.; Nakao, M.; Okuno, Hiroshi; Suzuki, I.; Tokushuku, K.; Yamada, Shoichi; Yamazaki, Y.; Chiba, M.; Hamatsu, R.; Hirose, T.; Homma, K.; Kitamura, S.; Nagayama, S.; Nakamitsu, Y.; Cirio, R.; Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Lamberti, Luciano; Maselli, S.; Peroni, C.; Solano, A.; Sacchi, R.; Staiano, A.; Dardo, M.; Bailey, D. C.; Bandyopadhyay, Debades; Bernard, Francis; Bhadra, S.; Brkić, M.; Burow, B.D.; Chlebana, F.; Crombie, M.B.; Hartner, G.; Levman, G.; Martin, J. F.; Orr, R. S.; Prentice, J. D.; Sampson, C. R.; Stairs, G.G.; Teuscher, R. J.; Yoon, T. S.; Bullock, F. W.; Catterall, C. D.; Giddings, J. Calvin; Jones, T. W.; Khan, A.; Lane, J.B.; Makkar, P.L.; Shaw, D.; Shulman, J.; Blankenship, Kevin; Kochocki, J.; Lu, B.; Mo, L. W.; Charchuła, K.; Ciborowski, J.; Gajewski, J.; Grzelak, G.; Kasprzak, M.; Krzyanowski, M.; Muchorowski, K.; Nowak, R. J.; Pawlak, J. M.; Stopczyński, Andrzej; Tymieniecka, T.; Walczak, R.; Wróblewski, A.; Zakrzewski, J.; ̇arnecki, A. F. Z; Adamus, M.; Abramowicz, H.; Eisenberg, Y.; Glasman, C.; Karshon, U.; Montag, A.; Revel, D.; Shapira, A.; Foudas, C.; Fordham, C.; Loveless, R.; Goussiou, A. G.; Ali, I.; Behrens, B. H.; Dasu, S.; Reeder, D.D.; Smith, W. H.; Silverstein, S.; Frisken, W. R.; Furutani, K.M.; Iga, Y.

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(93)90347-k

Cited by 232 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We have not performed any required matrix multiplication in (5) analytically, since such a procedure did not reduce the required computer time of the subsequent numerical analysis. Rather, we have performed all required matrix multiplications entirely numerically, using the n-moments of the NNLO splitting functions [26] P (2) ij appearing in (4) together with the standard LO P (0) ij and NLO P (1) ij ones (see, e.g.…”

Section: Evolutions Of Parton Distributions and Structure Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to the fact that the parton distributions at Q 2 > ∼ 1 GeV 2 are QCD radiatively generated from valencelike positive input distributions at an optimally determined low input scale Q 2 0 ≡ µ 2 < 1 GeV 2 (where 'valencelike' refers to a f > 0 for all input distributions xf (x, µ 2 ) ∝ x a f (1 − x) b f , i.e., not only the valence but also the sea and gluon input densities vanish at small x). Originally, its characteristic unique steep small-x predictions for the experimentally then unexplored region x < 10 −2 [1,2,3] were subsequently first confirmed in [4,5]. With the advent of further high-precision data in recent years, the original dynamical parton distributions had to be updated [6,7,8] but the characteristic steep small-x behavior of the sea and the gluon distributions as x → 0 remained essentially very similar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dynamical next-to-next-to-leading order parton distributions

2009

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Utilizing recent DIS measurements (σ r , F 2,3,L ) and data on hadronic dilepton production we determine at NNLO (3-loop) of QCD the dynamical parton distributions of the nucleon generated radiatively from valencelike positive input distributions at an optimally chosen low resolution scale (Q 2 0 < 1 GeV 2 ). These are compared with 'standard' NNLO distributions generated from positive input distributions at some fixed and higher resolution scale (Q 2 0 > 1 GeV 2 ). Although the NNLO corrections imply in both approaches an improved value of χ 2 , typically χ 2 NNLO 0.9χ 2 NLO , present DIS data are still not sufficiently accurate to distinguish between NLO results and the minute NNLO effects of a few percent, despite of the fact that the dynamical NNLO uncertainties are somewhat smaller than the NLO ones and both are, as expected, smaller than those of their 'standard' counterparts. The dynamical predictions for F L (x, Q 2 ) become perturbatively stable already at Q 2 = 2 − 3 GeV 2 where precision measurements could even delineate NNLO effects in the very small-x region. This is in contrast to the common 'standard' approach but NNLO/NLO differences are here less distinguishable due to the larger 1σ uncertainty bands. Within the dynamical approach we obtain α s (M 2 Z ) = 0.1124 ± 0.0020, whereas the somewhat less constrained 'standard' fit gives α s (M 2 Z ) = 0.1158 ± 0.0035.arXiv:0810.4274v2 [hep-ph]

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Section: Evolutions Of Parton Distributions and Structure Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical next-to-next-to-leading order parton distributions

2009

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“…A wealth of unpolarized inclusive charged-lepton DIS data is available from the collider experiments H1 [4][5][6][7][8] and ZEUS [9][10][11][12][13][14] at HERA with lepton-nucleon centre-of-mass energies √ s up to 320 GeV,…”

Section: Jhep05(2011)126mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusive measurements of inelastic electron and positron scattering from unpolarized hydrogen and deuterium targets

Airapetian¹,

Акопов²,

Akopov³

et al. 2011

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Results of inclusive measurements of inelastic electron and positron scattering from unpolarized protons and deuterons at the HERMES experiment are presented. The structure functions F p 2 and F d 2 are determined using a parameterization of existing data for the longitudinal-to-transverse virtual-photon absorption cross-section ratio. The HERMES results provide data in the ranges 0.006 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 and 0.1 GeV 2 ≤ Q 2 ≤ 20 GeV 2 , covering the transition region between the perturbative and the non-perturbative regimes of QCD in a so-far largely unexplored kinematic region. They are in agreement with existing world data in the region of overlap. The measured cross sections are used, in combination with data from other experiments, to perform fits to the photon-nucleon cross section using the functional form of the ALLM model. The deuteron-to-proton cross-section ratio is also determined.

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“…The first measurements of F 2 by the H1 [13] and the ZEUS [14] Collaborations, using data taken in 1992, reached x ≃ 0.0005 at Q 2 ≃ 20 GeV 2 . They discovered a steep rise of F 2 (x, Q 2 ) towards low x at fixed Q 2 : below x ≃ 0.01 a decrease by one order of magnitude translates into an increase of F 2 by about a factor of two, Fig 2 ) by the muonproton scattering experiments BCDMS and NMC and their extension towards low x by the first available HERA data on F 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure Functions in Deep Inelastic Lepton-Nucleon Scattering

Klein¹

2000

Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies

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Latest results on structure functions, as available at the Lepton-Photon Symposium 1999, are presented. This report focusses on three experimental areas: new structure function measurements, in particular from HERA at low x and high Q 2 ; results on light and heavy flavour densities; determinations of the gluon distribution and of α s . As the talk was delivered at a historic moment and place, a few remarks were added recalling the exciting past and looking into the promising future of deep inelastic scattering (DIS).

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Measurement of the proton structure function F2 in ep scattering at HERA

Cited by 232 publications

References 39 publications

Dynamical next-to-next-to-leading order parton distributions

Dynamical next-to-next-to-leading order parton distributions

Inclusive measurements of inelastic electron and positron scattering from unpolarized hydrogen and deuterium targets

Structure Functions in Deep Inelastic Lepton-Nucleon Scattering

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