Measurement of the ratios of deep inelastic muon-nucleus cross sections on various nuclei compared to deuterium

Ashman, J. G.; Badełek, B.; Baum, G.; Beaufays, J.; Bee, C. P.; Benchouk, C.; Bird, I.; Brown, S.; Caputo, Miranda; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chima, J. S.; Ciborowski, J.; Clifft, R. W.; Coignet, G.; Combley, F.; Court, G.R.; D’Agostini, G.; Drees, J.; Düren, M.; Dyce, N.; Edwards, A.; Edwards, M.; Ernst, Thomas; Ferrero, M. I.; Francis, D.; Gabathuler, E.; Gajewski, J.; Gamet, R.; Gibson, V.; Gillies, J. D.; Grafström, P.; Hagberg, E.; Hamacher, K.; Harrach, D. von; Hayman, P.; Holt, J.R.; Hughes, V. W.; Jachołkowska, A.; Jones, T. W.; Kabuß, E. M.; Korzen, B.; Krüner, U.; Kullander, S.; Landgraf, U.; Lanske, D.; Lettenström, F.; Lindqvist, T.; Matthews, M.; Mizuno, Y.; Mönig, K.; Montanet, F.; Nassalski, J.; Niinikoski, T.; Norton, P. R.; Oakham, G.; Oppenheim, R. F.; Osborne, A.M.; Papavassiliou, V.; Pavel, N.; Peroni, C.; Peschel, H.; Piegaia, R.; Pietrzyk, B.; Pietrzyk, U.; Povh, Bogdan; Renton, P.; Rieubland, J. M.; Rith, Klaus; Rondio, E.; Ropelewski, L.; Salmon, D. P.; Sandacz, A.; Scheer, M.; Schröder, T.; Schüler, K. P.; Schultze, K.; Shibata, T. A.; Sloan, T.; Staiano, A.; Stier, H. E.; Stock, J.; Taylor, G. N.; Thompson, J.C.; Walcher, Th.; Wheeler, S.; Williams, W. S. C.; Wimpenny, S.; Windmolders, R.; Womersley, W. J.

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(88)91872-2

Cited by 241 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…SLAC measured the ratio of carbon to deuterium in their comprehensive study in 1994 [15] and the EMC collaboration measured the ratio in the followup to their original measurement on Iron [14]. We therefore present our result on carbon first.…”

Section: Cross Section Ratio For Carbonmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The original measurement showed a large enhancement between XBj rv 0.1 (now known as the anti-shadowing region) and XBj rv 0.2, and a depletion at XBj > 0.6. The EMC collaboration performed subsequent experiments [14,20], published in 1988, to study the details of the structure function ratio at low xBj and low Q 2 . They measured the lepton-nucleus inclusive scattering cross section using a muon beam incident on C, Cu, Sn, and deuterium targets in the kinematic range 5 < Q 2 < 35 (GeV/c) 2 , 0.03 < zBj < 0.7.…”

Section: Emc Collaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precise Measurement of the Nuclear Dependence of Structure Functions in Light Nuclei

Seely

2006

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The EMC effect has been with us for over 20 years. During this time, the nuclear dependence of the structure functions, and therefore the underlying quark distributions, has been studied with much success. However, the bulk of the experimental effort has been to measure the effect in heavy nuclei where it has the same zBj dependence and differs only in magnitude. Calculations predict large differences in both the magnitude and zBj-dependence of the EMC effect in 3 He and 4He and precise measurements of the EMC effect in these nuclei could be used to distinguish between existing models. E03-103 measured the inclusive electron scattering cross-section on 1 H, 2 H, 3 He, and 4He, as well as the heavier targets Be, C, Cu, and Au. This thesis describes the experiment in detail and presents results for 3 He, 4He, and carbon. These data provide the first measurement of the EMC effect in 3 He above xBj > 0.4, and improve upon the existing measurement of the effect in 4He.

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Section: Cross Section Ratio For Carbonmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Emc Collaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Measurement of the Nuclear Dependence of Structure Functions in Light Nuclei

Seely

2006

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“…[35], and show that the effects of the non-S wave components for values of II: < 0.9 can be taken into account by using the effective proton and neutron polarizations generated by the S' and D wavefunctions, while nuclear binding and Fermi motion can be accounted for by the EMC effect [12]. The spin structure function of the 3He (g;) and its asymmetry (A3) can then be written as the incoherent sum of the neutron and proton spin structure functions where f p ( n ) (~, Q 2 ) is the fraction of events from the proton (neutron), and given by factor for a nucleus with A = 3.…”

Section: Experimental Asymmetriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…which have been measured most recently by NMC [33]. For an element with atomic number A and 2 protons, the cross section will be calculated by summing the cross sections for ( A -2) deuterons and ( 2 2 -A ) protons and then multiplying by the correction for the nuclear binding effects as determined by EMC [12] in an element of atomic number A , with For 3He, 2 = 2 and A = 3, so that the 3He component of the target will be modeled using 1 deuteron and 1 proton. The error in the model dilution factor that does not come from the radiative corrections has pieces that are z independent and pieces that are z dependent.…”

Section: Target Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Precision Measurement of the Neutron Spin Structure Functions Using a Polarized HE-3 Target

Smith¹

2003

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This thesis describes a precision measurement of the neutron spin dependent structure function, g r ( x ) . The measurement was made by the E154 collaboration at SLAC using a longitudinally polarized, 48.3 GeV electron beam, and a 3He target polarized by spin exchange with optically pumped rubidium. A target polarization as high as 50% was achieved. The elements of the experiment which pertain to the polarized 3He target will be described in detail in this thesis. To achieve a precision measurement, it has been necessary to minimize the systematic error from the uncertainty in the target parameters. All of the parameters of the target have been carefully measured, and the most important parameters of the target have been measured using multiple techniques. The polarization of the target was measured using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, and has been calibrated using both proton NMR and by measuring the shift of the Rb Zeeman resonance frequency due t o the 3He polarization. The fraction of events which originated in the 3He, as measured by the spectrometers, has been determined using a physical model of the target and the spectrometers. It was also measured during the experiment using a variable pressure 3He reference cell in place of the polarized 3He target. " .The spin dependent structure function g;"(z) was measured in the Bjorken 2 range of 0.014 < 2 < 0.7 with an average Q2 of 5 (GeV/c)2. One of the primary motivations for this experiment was t o test the Bjorken sum rule. Because the experiment had smaller statistical errors and a broader kinematic coverage than previous experiments, the behavior of the spin structure function g;(z) could be studied in detail at low values of the Bjorken scaling variable 5 . It was found that g;"(x) has a strongly divergent behavior at low values of 2, calling into question the methods commonly used t o extrapolate the value of g;(z) t o low 2. The precision of the measurement made by the E154 collaboration at SLAC puts a tighter constraint on the extrapolation of g;"(x) t o low 2, which is necessary t o evaluate the Bjorken sum rule.T . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…The effect was first seen in 1983, when the EMC measured the ratio for muon scattering from iron and deuterium, expecting the ratio to be about 1 (with deviations at high x owing to Fermi smearing) [1,50]. The effect has been confirmed and repeatedly measured by many other groups, such as by a Rochester-SLAC-MIT collaboration [51,52], SLAC [4,49], BCDMS [53,54], the EMC [55,56], the NMC [57][58][59][60], HERA [61], and Jefferson Lab [62,63].…”

Section: The Emc Effectmentioning

confidence: 85%

Hard QCD Processes in the Nuclear Medium

Freese¹

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Measurement of the ratios of deep inelastic muon-nucleus cross sections on various nuclei compared to deuterium

Cited by 241 publications

References 22 publications

Precise Measurement of the Nuclear Dependence of Structure Functions in Light Nuclei

Precise Measurement of the Nuclear Dependence of Structure Functions in Light Nuclei

A Precision Measurement of the Neutron Spin Structure Functions Using a Polarized HE-3 Target

Hard QCD Processes in the Nuclear Medium

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