Measurement of W Values of Low-Energy Electrons in Several Gases

Combecher, D.

doi:10.2307/3575293

Cited by 118 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Results are identical to the case where a common tracking cut of 11 eV was used, and underline that a small change in the tracking cut does not influence the W‐value. For comparison, NOREC, PARTRAC, and RETRACKS simulations and experimental data in gaseous water are shown as well. While “option 2” and “option 6” values remain close down to about 20 eV, “option 4” predictions are the closest to NOREC and PARTRAC simulations; they are also closer to the experimental dataset in the gaseous phase, which represents an upper bound of values in the liquid phase .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geant4‐DNA example applications for track structure simulations in liquid water: A report from the Geant4‐DNA Project

et al. 2018

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This Special Report presents a description of Geant4-DNA user applications dedicated to the simulation of track structures (TS) in liquid water and associated physical quantities (e.g., range, stopping power, mean free path…). These example applications are included in the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit and are available in open access. Each application is described and comparisons to recent international recommendations are shown (e.g., ICRU, MIRD), when available. The influence of physics models available in Geant4-DNA for the simulation of electron interactions in liquid water is discussed. Thanks to these applications, the authors show that the most recent sets of physics models available in Geant4-DNA (the so-called "option4" and "option 6" sets) enable more accurate simulation of stopping powers, dose point kernels, and W-values in liquid water, than the default set of models ("option 2") initially provided in Geant4-DNA. They also serve as reference applications for Geant4-DNA users interested in TS simulations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geant4‐DNA example applications for track structure simulations in liquid water: A report from the Geant4‐DNA Project

et al. 2018

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“…1. The same figure contains the data on the water ionization cost for the gaseous [51][52][53][54][55] as well as liquid phases [51,[56][57][58]. Our calculations have shown that the water molecule ionization cost for an electron energy of 1000 eV is W = 25.26 eV.…”

Section: Ionization Cost For Water Molecules In the Model With The Pamentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Experimental results obtained in[54] (᭺) and[55] (᭝). (b) Calculated data for the liquid state of water: CSDA model [51] (4); MC model, NOREC code [56] (5); MC model, PARTRAC code [56] (6); MC model, RETRACKS code [57] (7), and MC model [58] (᭡).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mean energy of water molecule ionization by electron impact

Kovtun

2015

Tech. Phys.

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The cost of ionization of a water molecule by an electron impact is calculated on the basis of two models with identical initial data and compared with available data from the literature. The results of calcu lations show that the ionization cost for the model with a monoenergetic beam with E = 1000 eV is W = 25.26 eV; for the model taking into account the electron energy distribution function in a plasma with T e = 100 eV, this value is W = 16.85 eV.

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“…This was explained by the independence of the electron degradation spectrum, describing the energy spectrum of both primary and secondary electrons in matter under stationary conditions, on the initial particle energy. 5,6 For low energy particles, both F and W i depend on the initial projectile energy as was calculated 6-10 and measured 11 for electrons in various gases. Kowari et al 12 studied the influence of the Ar L and M shells on F and W i values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Combecher 11 reported on a smooth decrease of W i values in a large number of hydrocarbons with increasing electron energy from 5 to 500 eV. Suzuki and Saito, 18,19 using a gas proportional counter, observed sharp variations of W i around the C K edge in ethylene and propane, using x rays in a very limited energy range of 270-320 eV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fano factor and the mean energy per ion pair in counting gases, at low x-ray energies

Pansky

Breskin

Chechik

1997

Journal of Applied Physics

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A new technique for studying the Fano factor and the mean energy per ion pair in counting gases The mean energy per ion-pair (W i ) and the Fano factor (F) are provided with high accuracy ͑2% x-ray energy range of 0.11-1.5 keV. These parameters were extracted from precise measurements of the number and temporal distribution of x-ray induced electrons, accompanied by extended simulations of the detection process. A decrease in these parameters with increasing x-ray energy was observed, accompanied by sharp increases at x-ray energies just above some atomic shells. The effect is discussed in relation to Auger electron emission. A Penning process in Ar/C 2 H 6 ͑20:80͒ and Ar/i-C 4 H 10 ͑20:80͒ is observed on the basis of comparative measurements of W i and F in these mixtures and in the pure hydrocarbons. Ways are proposed for further improving the accuracy provided by the electron counting technique to better than 1%.

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Measurement of W Values of Low-Energy Electrons in Several Gases

Cited by 118 publications

References 48 publications

Geant4‐DNA example applications for track structure simulations in liquid water: A report from the Geant4‐DNA Project

Geant4‐DNA example applications for track structure simulations in liquid water: A report from the Geant4‐DNA Project

Mean energy of water molecule ionization by electron impact

Fano factor and the mean energy per ion pair in counting gases, at low x-ray energies

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