Measurement of X-ray spectrum using a small size CdTe multichannel detector

Tsutsui, Hiroshi; Ohtsuchi, T.; Ohmori, K.; Baba, Sueki

doi:10.1109/23.211437

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A CdTe Schottky diode detector of 1 mm thickness was employed ͑Amptek XR-100T-CdTe͒. The size of the CdTe crystal was 3ϫ3ϫ1 mm 3 , and the density was 5.85 g/cm 3 . A CdZnTe detector of 2 mm thickness ͑Amptek XR-100T-CZT͒ was also used for comparison.…”

Section: A Detectors Used In This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tsutui et al investigated the cause of spectral distortion in a 0.3 mm thick CdTe-array detector. 3 The dominant factors of the distortion were the energy dependency of photoelectric absorption and the escape of Cd-and Te-K fluorescent x rays. Spectral distortion due to the escape of Compton scattered x rays and secondary electrons was negligible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thin CdTe detector in diagnostic x-ray spectroscopy

Miyajima

2003

Med. Phys.

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A CdTe Schottky diode detector of 1 mm thickness was employed in diagnostic x-ray spectroscopy. The detector response to monoenergetic photons was investigated with gamma rays from the calibration sources (241Am and 133Ba). As spectral distortion due to carrier trapping, known as tailing, was small in gamma-ray spectra, the effects of carrier trapping were not taken into account in the calculation of response functions. The distortion due to the transmission of primary x rays and the escape of secondary x rays (K-fluorescent x rays and Compton-scattered x rays) from the crystal was included in the calculated response functions. X-ray spectra corrected using the response functions were in good agreement with the reference spectra obtained with a high-purity germanium detector. The results indicated that correction for the distortion due to carrier trapping is not necessary when using a thin CdTe detector in diagnostic x-ray spectroscopy.

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Section: A Detectors Used In This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin CdTe detector in diagnostic x-ray spectroscopy

Miyajima

2003

Med. Phys.

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“…The shape of the output bremsstrahlung spectrum extends up to the peak voltage (kVp) between the cathode and the anode of the generating X-ray tube. Most of the flux from traditional X-ray sources covers an extremely broad range, well over half the total energy range, and a maximum around one-third the peak value. , For example, for a 250 kVp source the X-ray output ranges between 40 and 250 keV photon energies, with a broad maximum around ∼80 keV. Since the Au K-edge E I (K) = 80.729 keV, a 250 kVp source is capable of ionizing all inner n -shells and subshells of the gold atom with L,M,N,O,P edges at approximately 12−14, 3.4−2.2, 0.11−0.9, 0.01−0.11, and 0.0.009 keV, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant X-ray Enhancement of the Auger Effect in High-Z Atoms, Molecules, and Nanoparticles: Potential Biomedical Applications

et al. 2009

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It is shown that X-ray absorption can be considerably enhanced at resonant energies corresponding to K-shell excitation into higher shells with electron vacancies following Auger emissions in high-Z elements and compounds employed in biomedical applications. We calculate Auger resonant probabilities and cross sections to obtain total mass attenuation coefficients with resonant cross sections and detailed resonance structures corresponding to Kalpha, Kbeta, Kgamma, Kdelta, and Keta complexes lying between 6.4-7.1 keV in iron and 67-80 keV in gold. The basic parameters were computed using the relativistic atomic structure codes and the R-matrix codes. It is found that the average enhancement at resonant energies is up to a factor of 1000 or more for associated K --> L, M, N, O, P transitions. The resonant energies in high-Z elements such as gold are sufficiently high to ensure significant penetration in body tissue, and hence the possibility of achieving X-radiation dose reduction commensurate with resonant enhancements for cancer theranostics using high-Z nanoparticles and molecular radiosensitizing agents embedded in malignant tumors. The in situ deposition of X-ray energy, followed by secondary photon and electron emission, will be localized at the tumor site. We also note the relevance of this work to the development of novel monochromatic or narrow-band X-ray emission sources for medical diagnostics and therapeutics.

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“…Tsutsui et al measured diagnostic x-ray spectra with a CdTe crystal of 0.3 mm thickness, and analyzed the causes of spectral distortion. 2 They concluded that the major causes of the distortion were the energy dependency of the photoelectric absorption process and the escape of Cd-and Te-K x rays. Additionally, they mentioned that the escape of secondary electrons also caused the distortion in the high-energy region, because the crystal was thin compared to the range of electrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CdZnTe detector in diagnostic x‐ray spectroscopy

2002

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A method to utilize CdZnTe (CZT) detectors in diagnostic x-ray spectroscopy is described in this article. Spectral distortion due to transmission of primary x rays, the escape of cadmium- and tellurium-K fluorescent x rays, and tailing was severe in measured x-ray spectra. Therefore, correction for the distortion was performed with the stripping method using response functions. The response functions were calculated with the Monte Carlo method. The Hecht equation was employed to approximate the effects of carrier trapping in the calculations. The parameters in the Hecht equation, the mean-free path (lambda) of electrons and holes, were determined such that the tailing in calculated response functions fit that in measured gamma-ray spectra. Corrected x-ray spectra agreed well with the reference spectra measured with an HPGe detector. The results indicate that CZT detectors are suitable for diagnostic x-ray spectroscopy with appropriate corrections.

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Measurement of X-ray spectrum using a small size CdTe multichannel detector

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Thin CdTe detector in diagnostic x-ray spectroscopy

Thin CdTe detector in diagnostic x-ray spectroscopy

Resonant X-ray Enhancement of the Auger Effect in High-Z Atoms, Molecules, and Nanoparticles: Potential Biomedical Applications

CdZnTe detector in diagnostic x‐ray spectroscopy

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