Measurements of 1.8--2.7-Ghz Microwave Attenuation in the Human Torso

Scooter-to-X communications: Antenna placement, human body shadowing, and channel modeling

“…The results show that the difference of signal attenuation with and without the driver is 12.4 dB and is still in line with the values observed from other antenna locations. The numbers obtained from this experiment are very close to those reported in [10].…”

“…Therefore, we refer to human body shadowing in other environments to provide insight for our study of scooter-to-X links. Yamaura [10] measured 10 dB attenuation at 2 GHz frequency due to human body shadowing. Similarly, Huo et al in [11] studied the effect of human shadowing on 2.4 GHz radio in home environment, and reported maximum 20 dB attenuation when the height of transmitter and receiver is 70 cm.…”

Human Presence Detection Using Millimeter-Wave Radiometry

“…Also, the model is not wholly unreasonable because of the high blood content of most tissue and organs in the human body. The average thickness of human skin has been measured as s 1 ~ 1 mm [23], and the thickness of the torso from front to back is s 2 ~ 18 cm [24].…”

Noninvasive Heart Rate Monitor

“…The contractor shall submit a final report validating the concept and approach not later than six (6) If, however, the target is in motion relative to the transmitter, then the small offset level changes and a small time-varying component i& added to the mixed signal. It is this &lternating signal tuat is processed in most simple cw microwave radars.…”