Aluminosilicate solid acid catalysts, especially zeolites, have been widely utilized in petroleum refinery and environmentally benign chemical processes. The acidic property of aluminosilicates has been a subject of advanced studies. Recently an ammonia IRMS-TPD (infrared / mass spectroscopy temperature-programmed desorption) method, an application of operando technique, has been developed to quantify the number and strength distribution of each of Brønsted and Lewis sites on a solid. With an aid of quantum chemistry, relationships among the composition, structure and acidic property are being unveiled to totally understand the chemistry of SiOHAl unit in the aluminosilicates.