Measurements of relative photoemission time delays in noble gas atoms

Guénot, Diego; Kroon, David; Balogh, Emeric; Larsen, Esben W.; Kotur, Marija; Miranda, Miguel; Fordell, Thomas; Johnsson, Per; Mauritsson, Johan; Gisselbrecht, Mathieu; Varjú, Katalin; Arnold, Cord L.; Carette, Thomas; Kheifets, Anatoli; Lindroth, Eva; L’Huillier, Anne; Dahlström, Jan Marcus

doi:10.1088/0953-4075/47/24/245602

Cited by 100 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…While the pulse duration of a typical few-cycle pulse is IR ≃ 5 fs (the period IR of an optical cycle for 800 nm radiation is IR = 2.7 fs), its oscillating field, controlled to within a small fraction of one radian, offers a convenient route to attosecond time resolution. The three different approaches utilized so far, linear momentum attosecond streaking with linearly polarized IR fields Drescher et al, 2001;Kienberger et al, 2004;Sansone et al, 2006;Cavalieri et al, 2007;Schultze et al, 2010;Sabbar et al, 2015), angular streaking ("attoclock"; Eckle et al, 2008a,b;Pfeiffer et al, 2011aPfeiffer et al, ,b, 2013 with circularly polarized IR fields, and the interferometric RABBIT technique (Paul et al, 2001;Toma and Muller, 2002;Mauritsson et al, 2005;Swoboda et al, 2010;Klünder et al, 2011;Guénot et al, 2012Guénot et al, , 2014Palatchi et al, 2014), have in common that the IR field probes the evolution during the emission, as implied by Eq. (2.18), without, however, necessarily performing a projective measurement which would lead to the "collapse of the wavepacket", i.e., to the reduction of the density operator.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the results as well as difficulties apply to alternative protocols as well. The latter include the interferometric RAB-BIT technique (Paul et al, 2001;Véniard et al, 1996;Toma and Muller, 2002;Klünder et al, 2011;Guénot et al, 2012Guénot et al, , 2014Palatchi et al, 2014) for ionization by attosecond pulse trains (APT) and angular attosecond streaking by circularly polarized IR pulses (Eckle et al, 2008a,b;Pfeiffer et al, 2011aPfeiffer et al, ,b, 2013.…”

Section: Attosecond Streaking Of Photoemission a Streaking Princmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guénot et al (2014) have reported on relative delays between argon, neon, and helium for photon energies between 31 eV and 37 eV employing RABBITT with an active stabilization of the interferometer. Sabbar et al (2015) performed streaking measurements of the relative delay between argon and neon in a photon energy region between 28 eV and 38 eV by using a gas mixture.…”

Section: Time-resolved Photoionization Of Many-electron Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attosecond chronoscopy of photoemission

2015

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Recent advances in the generation of well characterized sub-femtosecond laser pulses have opened up unpredicted opportunities for the real-time observation of ultrafast electronic dynamics in matter. Such attosecond chronoscopy allows a novel look at a wide range of fundamental photophysical and photochemical processes in the time domain, including Auger and autoionization processes, photoemission from atoms, molecules, and surfaces, complementing conventional energy-domain spectroscopy. Attosecond chronoscopy raises fundamental conceptual and theoretical questions as which novel information becomes accessible and which dynamical processes can be controlled and steered. These questions are currently a matter of lively debate which we address in this review. We will focus on one prototypical case, the chronoscopy of the photoelectric effect by attosecond streaking. Is photoionization instantaneous or is there a finite response time of the electronic wavefunction to the photoabsorption event? Answers to this question turn out to be far more complex and multi-faceted than initially thought. They touch upon fundamental issues of time and time delay as observables in quantum theory. We review recent progress of our understanding of time-resolved photoemission from atoms, molecules, and solids. We will highlight the unresolved and open questions and we point to future directions aiming at the observation and control of electronic motion in more complex nanoscale structures and in condensed matter.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attosecond Streaking Of Photoemission a Streaking Princmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time-resolved Photoionization Of Many-electron Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attosecond chronoscopy of photoemission

2015

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“…(13), but the bulk of these effects can be added through the RPAE method, where certain sub-classes of many-body effects are included through the iterative solution of the equations for the p a coupled channels:…”

Section: A Treatment Of Many-body Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond delays in laser-assisted photodetachment from closed-shell negative ions

Lindroth

Dahlström

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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We study laser-assisted photodetachment time delays by attosecond pulse trains from the closedshell negative ions F − and Cl − . We investigate the separability of the delay into two contributions: (i) the Wigner-like delay associated with one-photon ionization by the attosecond pulse train and (ii) the delay associated with exchange of an additional laser photon in the presence of the potential of the remaining target. Based on the asymptotic form of the wave packet, the latter term is expected to be negligible because the ion is neutralized leading to a vanishing laser-ion interaction with increasing electron-atom separation. While this asymptotic behavior is verified at high photoelectron energies, we also quantify sharp deviations at low photoelectron energies. Further, these low-energy delays are clearly different for the two studied anions indicating a breakdown of the universality of laser-ion induced delays. The fact that the short-range potential can induce a delay of as much as 50 as can have implications for the interpretation of delay measurements also in other systems that lack long-range potential.

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“…When the mean ionization time is faster than the coherence time of the photon pulse, the spectrum of the photoelectrons is broader than the original spectrum of the photons and it is dominated by the ionization emission spectrum. Most of the studies about the mean ionization time carried out so far refer to the outer shell electrons using photon energies of a few hundred electronvolts and report values from a few tens up to hundreds of attoseconds (as) (Dahlströ m et al, 2012(Dahlströ m et al, , 2015Kheifets, 2013;Gué not et al, 2014). A recent study of mean emission time of the inner shell electrons with photon energies of up to 10 keV has obtained delays of about 10 as (Kheifets et al, 2015).…”

Section: Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of FEL pulse length calculation with THz streaking method

Gorgisyan

Ischebeck

Prat

et al. 2016

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Having accurate and comprehensive photon diagnostics for the X-ray pulses delivered by free-electron laser (FEL) facilities is of utmost importance. Along with various parameters of the photon beam (such as photon energy, beam intensity, etc.), the pulse length measurements are particularly useful both for the machine operators to measure the beam parameters and monitor the stability of the machine performance, and for the users carrying out pumpprobe experiments at such facilities to better understand their measurement results. One of the most promising pulse length measurement techniques used for photon diagnostics is the THz streak camera which is capable of simultaneously measuring the lengths of the photon pulses and their arrival times with respect to the pump laser. This work presents simulations of a THz streak camera performance. The simulation procedure utilizes FEL pulses with two different photon energies in hard and soft X-ray regions, respectively. It recreates the energy spectra of the photoelectrons produced by the photon pulses and streaks them by a single-cycle THz pulse. Following the pulseretrieval procedure of the THz streak camera, the lengths were calculated from the streaked spectra. To validate the pulse length calculation procedure, the precision and the accuracy of the method were estimated for streaking configuration corresponding to previously performed experiments. The obtained results show that for the discussed setup the method is capable of measuring FEL pulses with about a femtosecond accuracy and precision.

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Measurements of relative photoemission time delays in noble gas atoms

Cited by 100 publications

References 41 publications

Attosecond chronoscopy of photoemission

Attosecond chronoscopy of photoemission

Attosecond delays in laser-assisted photodetachment from closed-shell negative ions

Simulation of FEL pulse length calculation with THz streaking method

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