Measurements of shaft speed while drilling through bone

Thermal osteonecrosis and bone drilling parameters revisited

“…Another problem that has not been stressed sufficiently is the difference between free-running speed and drill speed during drilling (operating speed). At very high-speed rates of 20,000-100,000 rpm operating speed may be as much as 50% below the free-running speed [8]. This 50% reduction is comparable to the 40% reduction reported by Sorenson et al for an air-turbine hand-piece [32].…”

“…In this experiment, the maximum temperature elevations were measured in vitro, on porcine femoral cortices while changing the drill speed, feed-rate, drill diameter, drill point angles and the use of external irrigation. These parameters were used in previous studies where all these parameters were not analyzed within same experiment [8][9][10].…”

Drilling of Bone: Practicality, Limitations and Complications Associated with Surgical Drill-Bits

“…A large proportion of these studies have assumed that drilling speed remains constant during drilling and this may not be the case. Abouzgia and James (Abouzgia and James 1995) demonstrated that rotational speed decreases by as much as 50% during drilling.…”

Different thermal conductivity in drilling of cemented compared with cementless hip prostheses in the treatment of periprosthetic fractures of the proximal femur—an experimental biomechanical analysis

“…Augustin et al reported in their review of cortical drilling a threshold level for bone survival during implant site preparation of 47°C with a drilling time below one minute [8]. Externally applied cooling with saline solution, an increase in applied feed-rate and increased rotational speed of the drill led to a smaller increase in temperature at the bone surface [15][16][17][18]. Stability of osteosynthesis was reduced with thermally damaged bone tissue possibly due to reabsorption phenomena around the screws [19].…”