Measurements of Sulfur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides, Haze and Fine Particles at a Rural Site on the Atlantic Coast

Wolff, George T.; Kelly, Nelson A.; Ferman, Martin A.; Ruthkosky, Martin S.; Stroup, David P.; Korsog, Patricia E.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1986.10466094

Cited by 45 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Aerosols tend to be highly carbonaceous in nature with OC often comprising 10-30% of total aerosol mass (e.g. Wolff et al, 1986;Jacobson et al, 2000;Tanner et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2005). In addition, as much as 20-70% of aerosol OC has been found to be water-soluble (WSOC; Krivacsy et al, 2001;Kleefeld et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2004;Decesari et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of aerosol-derived water soluble organic carbon using ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Wozniak¹,

Bauer²,

Sleighter³

et al. 2008

Preprint

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Abstract. Despite the acknowledged relevance of aerosol water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) to climate and biogeochemical cycling, characterization of aerosol WSOC has been limited. Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) is utilized in the present study to provide detailed molecular-level characterization of the high molecular weight (HMW; m/z>223) component of aerosol-derived WSOC collected from rural sites in Virginia and New York, USA. More than 3000 organic compounds were detected by ESI FT-ICR MS within a m/z range of 223–600 for each sample. Approximately 86% (Virginia) and 78% (New York) of these peaks were assigned molecular formulas using only carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) as elemental constituents. H/C and O/C molar ratios were plotted on van Krevelen diagrams and indicated a strong contribution of lignin-like and lipid-like compounds to the aerosol-derived WSOC samples. Double bond equivalents were calculated from the molecular formulas and used to identify black carbon (BC) compounds present in aerosol WSOC. BC compounds were found to comprise only 1–4% of the identified compounds in the aerosol-derived WSOC. Several high magnitude peaks in the mass spectra of both samples corresponded to molecular formulas consistent with molecular formulas proposed in previous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) laboratory investigations indicating that SOAs are important constituents of the WSOC. Overall, ESI FT-ICR MS provides the level of molecular characterization needed for detailed compositional and source information of the high molecular weight constituents of aerosol-derived WSOC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of aerosol-derived water soluble organic carbon using ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Wozniak¹,

Bauer²,

Sleighter³

et al. 2008

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wolff et al, 1986;Jacobson et al, 2000;Tanner et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2005). In addition, as much as 20-70% of aerosol OC has been found to be water-soluble (WSOC; Krivacsy et al, 2001;Kleefeld et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2004;Decesari et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Molecular characterization of aerosol-derived water soluble organic carbon using ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Despite the acknowledged relevance of aerosolderived water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) to climate and biogeochemical cycling, characterization of aerosol WSOC has been limited. Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) was utilized in this study to provide detailed molecular level characterization of the high molecular weight (HMW; m/z>223) component of aerosol-derived WSOC collected from rural sites in Virginia and New York, USA. More than 3000 peaks were detected by ESI FT-ICR MS within a m/z range of 223-600 for each sample. Approximately 86% (Virginia) and 78% (New York) of these peaks were assigned molecular formulas using only carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) as elemental constituents. H/C and O/C molar ratios were plotted on van Krevelen diagrams and indicated a strong contribution of lignin-like and lipid-like compounds to the aerosol-derived WSOC samples. Approximately 1-4% of the peaks in the aerosol-derived WSOC mass spectra were classified as black carbon (BC) on the basis of double bond equivalents calculated from the assigned molecular formulas. In addition, several high-magnitude peaks in the mass spectra of samples from both sites corresponded to molecular formulas proposed in previous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) laboratory investigations indicating that SOAs are important constituents of the WSOC. Overall, ESI FT-ICR MS provides a level of resolution adequate for detailed compositional and source information of the HMW constituents of aerosolderived WSOC.

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“…Although the spatial coverage of these studies is limited, they do provide a snapshot of rural SO 2 and SO -over the last 20 years. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] One long-term network is the National Park Service Air Monitoring Program, which measures SO 2 in national parks. Another is AIRMoN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Rural Sulfur Dioxide and Particle Sulfate: Analysis of CASTNet Data, 1987 through 1996

Baumgardner

Isil²,

Bowser³

et al. 1999

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) was implemented by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1991 in response to Title IX of the Clean Air Amendments of 1990, which mandated the deployment of a national ambient air monitoring network to track progress of the implementation of emission reduction programs in terms of deposition, air quality, and changes to affected ecosystems. CASTNet evolved from the National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN).CASTNet currently consists of 45 sites in the eastern United States and 28 sites in the West. Each site measures sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), particle sulfate (SO 4 = ), particle nitrate (NO 3 -), and ozone. Nineteen sites collect precipitation samples. NDDN/CASTNet uses a uniform set of site-selection criteria which provides the data user with consistent measures to compare each site. These criteria also ensure that, to the extent possible, CASTNet sites are located away from local emission sources.This paper presents an analysis of SO 2 and SO 4 = concentration data collected from 1987 through 1996 at rural NDDN/CASTNet sites. Annual and seasonal variability IMPLICATIONS Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 and SO -play major roles in the processes of acidic deposition and visibility degradation. Understanding spatial patterns of these atmospheric constituents provides key information to determine whether the emission reduction program for sulfur will mitigate the environmental effects of acid deposition.is examined. Gradients of SO 2 and SO 4 = are discussed. The variability of the atmospheric mix of SO 2 and SO 4 = is explored spatially and seasonally. Data from CASTNet are also compared to SO 2 and SO 4 = data from concurrent monitoring studies in rural areas.The Midwest and the Northeast have the highest annual averages of SO 2 , greater than 10 µg/m 3 . SO 2 concentrations vary by a factor of 6 across the six eastern subregions. The annual SO 2 concentrations for western sites average less than 1 µg/m 3 . A gradient in SO 2 concentrations in the Ohio River Valley was observed, decreasing in northeasterly, easterly, and southeasterly directions. Also, a decreasing concentration gradient was observed for SO 4 = from the Midwest to the East and Southeast, although the gradient was not as pronounced as for SO 2 . Both SO 2 and SO 4 = exhibited strong seasonal cycles.

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Measurements of Sulfur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides, Haze and Fine Particles at a Rural Site on the Atlantic Coast

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular characterization of aerosol-derived water soluble organic carbon using ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Molecular characterization of aerosol-derived water soluble organic carbon using ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Technical Note: Molecular characterization of aerosol-derived water soluble organic carbon using ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Measurements of Rural Sulfur Dioxide and Particle Sulfate: Analysis of CASTNet Data, 1987 through 1996

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