Measurements of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron up to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:msup><mml:mi>GeV</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>Using the Reaction<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mn /><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mover accent="tru

Riordan, S.; Abrahamyan, Sergey; Craver, B.; Kelleher, A.; Kolarkar, A.; Miller, J.; Cates, G. D.; Liyanage, N.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Acha, A.; Allada, K.; Anderson, B. D.; Aniol, K.; Annand, J. R. M.; Arrington, J.; Averett, T.; Beck, A.; Bellis, M.; Boeglin, W.; Breuer, H.; Calarco, J. R.; Camsonne, A.; Chen, J. P.; Chudakov, E.; Coman, L.; Crowe, B. J.; Cusanno, F.; Day, D.; Degtyarenko, P. V.; Dolph, P. A. M.; Dutta, C.; Ferdi, C.; Fernández-Ramírez, C.; Feuerbach, R. J.; Fraile, L. M.; Franklin, G.; Frullani, S.; Fuchs, Sabine; Garibaldi, F.; Gevorgyan, N.; Gilman, R.; Glamazdin, A.; Gómez, J.; Grimm, K.; Hansen, J. O.; Herraiz, Joaquín L.; Higinbotham, D. W.; Holmes, R.; Holmstrom, T.; Howell, Debra; Jager, C. W. de; Jiang, X.; Jones, M. K.; Katich, Joseph M.; Kaufman, L. J.; Khandaker, M.; Kelly, James; Kiselev, D.; Korsch, W.; LeRose, J.; Lindgren, R.; Markowitz, P.; Margaziotis, D. J.; Beck, Sönke; Mayilyan, S.; McCormick, K.; Meziani, Z. E.; Michaels, R.; Moffit, B.; Nanda, S.; Nelyubin, V.; Ngo, Timothy; Nikolenko, D. M.; Norum, B.; Pentchev, L.; Perdrisat, C. F.; Piasetzky, E.; Pomatsalyuk, R.; Protopopescu, D.; Puckett, A. J. R.; Punjabi, V.; Qian, X.; Qiang, Y.; Quinn, B.; Rachek, I. A.; Ransome, R. D.; Reimer, P. E.; Reitz, B.; Roche, J.; Ron, G.; Rondon, O.; Rosner, G.; Saha, A.; Sargsian, Misak; Sawatzky, B.; Segal, J.; Shabestari, M.; Shahinyan, A.; Shestakov, Yu. V.; Singh, J.; Širca, S.; Souder, P. A.; Stepanyan, S.; Stibunov, V. N.; Sulkosky, V.; Tajima, S.; Tobias, W. A.; Udías, J. M.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Vlahović, Branislav; Voskanyan, H.; Wang, K.; Wesselmann, F. R.; Vignote, J. R.; Wood, S. A.; Wright, J.; Huang, Yao; Zhu, Xiwen

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.262302

Cited by 125 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Therefore, in practical storage situations Eq. (1) can be reduced to 1 Please note that in this early work vdW relaxation was not considered and hence its contribution was attributed to the wall relaxation. Furthermore, we use ½Xe to refer to partial pressures while Xe½ indicates number densities in amagats (1 amagat is defined as the number of ideal gas molecules per m 3 at 101.325 kPa and 273.15 K).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is given by T sr 1 = 56/Xe½ h/amagats [26]. 1 Since this work uses only Xe concentrations, Xe½ % 0.15 amagats, the contribution of transient dimers to the T 1 relaxation is…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 He, 129 Xe) up to six orders of magnitude beyond the thermal polarization has opened up several applications, which could hardly be carried out otherwise. These applications stretch from uses as varied as spin-polarized target in accelerator experiments [1,2], neutron filters [3,4] and spinclocks [5] in fundamental physics to contrast agents in clinical MRI [6][7][8] or materials science [9,10]. This enormous increase of the nuclear spin polarization is usually termed ''hyperpolarization'' (HP) and achieved either via Spin Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) [11] or Metastability Exchange Optical Pumping (MEOP) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Systematic T1 improvement for hyperpolarized 129xenon

Repetto

Babcock

Blümler

et al. 2015

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is given by T sr 1 = 56/Xe½ h/amagats [26]. 1 Since this work uses only Xe concentrations, Xe½ % 0.15 amagats, the contribution of transient dimers to the T 1 relaxation is…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Systematic T1 improvement for hyperpolarized 129xenon

Repetto

Babcock

Blümler

et al. 2015

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…The typical 3 He polarization achieved was 30% to 40% in the first experiments on electromagnetic form factors (Xiong et al , 2001; Xu et al , 2000) and neutron spin structure functions (Amarian et al , 2004, 2002; Zheng et al , 2004a,b). With the use of hybrid SEOP, the 3 He polarization was increased to ~45% for a more recent measurement of the neutron’s electric form factor (Riordan et al , 2010). For hybrid SEOP with spectrally narrowed lasers, the polarization has been increased to between 50 % and 55 % for studies of asymmetries in scattering from transversely or vertically polarized targets generally aimed at improved understanding of the origin of the neutron’s spin (Allada et al , 2014; Huang et al , 2012; Katich et al , 2014; Parno et al , 2015; Qian et al , 2011; Zhang et al , 2014; Zhao et al , 2015).…”

Section: Charged Particle and Photon Scattering Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically polarizedHe3

et al. 2017

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This article reviews the physics and technology of producing large quantities of highly spin-polarized 3He nuclei using spin-exchange (SEOP) and metastability-exchange (MEOP) optical pumping. Both technical developments and deeper understanding of the physical processes involved have led to substantial improvements in the capabilities of both methods. For SEOP, the use of spectrally narrowed lasers and K-Rb mixtures has substantially increased the achievable polarization and polarizing rate. For MEOP nearly lossless compression allows for rapid production of polarized 3He and operation in high magnetic fields has likewise significantly increased the pressure at which this method can be performed, and revealed new phenomena. Both methods have benefitted from development of storage methods that allow for spin-relaxation times of hundreds of hours, and specialized precision methods for polarimetry. SEOP and MEOP are now widely applied for spin-polarized targets, neutron spin filters, magnetic resonance imaging, and precision measurements.

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“…Several components of this design were improved based on the performance of the helium-3 target cells in the E02-013 experiment (G n E 2005-2006) [49] at Thomas…”

Section: Hybrid Polarizer Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperpolarized Gas Diffusion MRI using Steady State Free Precession Pulse Sequences

Mooney¹

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Hyperpolarized noble gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a unique view of the airspaces in human lungs. However, images created with this technique have a fundamental resolution limit due in part to the gas diffusion within the air spaces during the image acquisition. The process of diffusion can be used to provide a method for extracting structural information below the resolution limit, via short-time diffusion MR. In free space, the area a gas particle explores in a given amount of time (the diffusion coefficient) is a constant that does not depend on the duration over which the measurement is made. In a highly restrictive area like the lung airspaces, the diffusion coefficient varies greatly with the duration of the measurement.For very short times measurement times, the diffusion coefficient approaches the free space value, while at longer measurement times the surrounding walls prevent the particle from traveling. This time dependence is related to the surface to volume ratio of the confining space.The goal of this work was to develop a method of making diffusion-weighted measurements at diffusion times less than ∼ 1 ms to detect this time dependence in restrictive environments such as the human lung. In order to make measurements at these short times, we turned to an MRI technique known as Steady State Free Precession (SSFP). SSFP pulse sequences are coherent, which means the transverse magnetization is not zero at the application of the next RF pulse. An advantage of iii using an SSFP pulse sequence is that it produces a very high signal level on which to measure the small diffusion attenuation imparted by short-time measurements.We developed several modifications to an SSFP pulse sequence which include diffusion sensitization, and investigated the behavior of each of these methods through the use of a magnetization simulation. We made global apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements, as well as created images with the resulting pulse sequences. In the global version, we were able to make ADC measurements over a range of diffusion times from 300-800 µs in glass-bead phantoms and fit the time-dependent ADC to extract the packing volume fraction φ for each of the phantoms. Multiple diffusion-time global ADC measurements made in human subjects highlighted the differences between healthy and emphysmatic lungs. In the imaging experiments, we generated ADC maps at a diffusion time of 500 µs in several human subjects.

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Measurements of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron up toQ2=3.4 GeV2Using the Reaction3
S. Riordan¹,
Sergey Abrahamyan²,
B. Craver³
et al.

Cited by 125 publications

References 43 publications

Systematic T1 improvement for hyperpolarized 129xenon

Systematic T1 improvement for hyperpolarized 129xenon

Optically polarizedHe3

Hyperpolarized Gas Diffusion MRI using Steady State Free Precession Pulse Sequences

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Measurements of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron up toQ2=3.4 GeV2Using the Reaction3S. Riordan1, Sergey Abrahamyan2, B. Craver3 et al.

Cited by 125 publications

References 43 publications

Systematic T1 improvement for hyperpolarized 129xenon

Systematic T1 improvement for hyperpolarized 129xenon

Optically polarizedHe3

Hyperpolarized Gas Diffusion MRI using Steady State Free Precession Pulse Sequences

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Measurements of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron up toQ2=3.4 GeV2Using the Reaction3
S. Riordan¹,
Sergey Abrahamyan²,
B. Craver³
et al.