Measures of Depression and Depressive Symptoms

Smarr, Karen L.; Keefer, Autumn L.

doi:10.1002/acr.24191

Cited by 49 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(178 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A threshold of 16 is frequently used as a cut‐off for further screening for clinical depression (Vilagut, Forero, Barbaglia, & Alonso, 2016). However, higher cutoffs are sometimes recommended for adolescents, and a cut‐off of 20 may be more valuable for diagnostic criteria (Radloff, 1991; Rushton, Forcier, & Schectman, 2002; Smarr & Keefer, 2011; Vilagut et al, 2016). Nonetheless, because we are using CES‐D scores as an indicator of mental health, rather than diagnosing clinical depression, we use >16 as the threshold (Rushton et al, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From maternal tending to adolescent befriending: The adolescent transition of social support

Rodrigues

Sanford

Rogers

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Attachment theory holds that parental relationships have lifelong effects on offspring social lives. The tend-and-befriend hypothesis posits that female friendships among humans evolved as part of a primate-wide coping mechanism to mediate stress by relying on social support. Here we bridge developmental and evolutionary frameworks to examine adolescent girls' perception of their reliance on female friendship for social support, how perceptions of parental relationships affect peer relationships, and the extent to which parent and peer relationships buffer depressive symptoms. We predict perceived maternal relationship quality will be positively associated with close female friendships, and maternal relationships, paternal relationships, and female friendship will buffer depressive symptoms. Participants were adolescent girls from a summer science camp (N = 95). Participants filled out demographic information, social network surveys, the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, and the Center for Epidemiology Depression Scale. Data was analyzed with Pearson's correlations, t tests, and path analysis. Adolescent girls with few female friends, compared with girls who had more than two very close female friends, experienced more depressive symptoms (t = 3.382, p = .001, D = 0.784). Adolescent girls with few female friends experienced more depressive symptoms compared to girls with two or more very close female friends (t = 3.382, p = .001, D = 0.784). Stronger maternal and paternal relationships were associated with having more female friends (maternal: t = −3.213, p = .003, D = 0.837; paternal: t = −2.432; p = .017). In the path analysis model, only maternal relationship quality significantly predicted female friendship category (β = .33, CR = 2.770, p < .006). Furthermore, participants with two or more very close female friends and higher paternal relationship quality had significantly fewer depressive symptoms (friends; β = −.19, CR = −2.112, p = .035; paternal: β = −.33, CR = −3.220, p < .001), and older participants had more depressive symptoms (β = .17, CR = −1.931, p = .036). These results provide additional support for the tend-and-befriend hypothesis, suggesting that maternal tending sets the stage for close female friendships.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From maternal tending to adolescent befriending: The adolescent transition of social support

Rodrigues

Sanford

Rogers

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first part was related to demographic data such as age, gender, and duty in COVID-19 centers; the second part consisted of questions related to depression using Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) 11 . This scale is endorsed by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence to measure baseline depression severity 11 . BDI-II includes 21 items measuring cogni-tive, affective, somatic and vegetative symptoms of depression.…”

Section: Questionnaire To Assess Depressive Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are no sub-scales. Each item is scored in a self-rated scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (mostly) in the past 2 weeks 11 . It was made clear to all of the subjects that they answered each item of BDI-II as per the impact of COVID-19 on their lives.…”

Section: Questionnaire To Assess Depressive Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was made clear to all of the subjects that they answered each item of BDI-II as per the impact of COVID-19 on their lives. BDI-II is interpreted as: minimal range (0-13), mild depression (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), moderate depression (20-28), and severe depression (29-63) 11 . The average time taken to fill the online survey was 10 to 15 minutes and the third part consisted of questions related to comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).…”

Section: Questionnaire To Assess Depressive Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Study of Depressive Symptoms in Doctors Working at COVID-19 Hospitals: An Online Survey.

Bashir¹,

Ahluwalia²,

Sayeed³

et al. 2020

MMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective COVID19 outbreak has put a tremendous physical and mental burden on frontline doctors. A limited amount of literature is available in this area. The present study was done to assess the depressive symptoms and depression levels in doctors working at COVID-19 Hospitals. Method This study was based on an online survey that was started on May 2020 and ended on 30 th June, 2020. An online questionnaire which included details such as age, gender, and 21 items to assess depressive symptoms was sent through social media to doctors from various countries. Depressive symptoms were measured by Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Items of a total of 220 questionnaires were responded. Out of these, only 200 responses were analyzed using SPSS software. Results Out of 200 subjects, 110 (55%) had depressive symptoms and 90 (45%) had no symptoms. Males had more depressive symptoms (42.5%) than females (12.5%). Those who worked at COVID-19 centers 75 (37.5%) had higher depressive symptoms. The number of males working at COVID-19 centers was much higher (36%) than females (12%). Depressive symptoms were significantly higher in males than females (35.35±10.25 vs 16.90±7.76; p<0.0001). Conclusion Doctors, especially males working at COVID-19 centers have higher depressive symptoms than their female colleagues. Multicentric studies with larger sample sizes are needed to study the impact of COVID-19 on frontline doctors.

show abstract

“…To put this into context, the incidence of depression in the general population is only 3.2% ( 3 ). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of clinical depression ( 4 ). Furthermore, the depressive symptoms (DS) could be assessed by self-reported clinical scale ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of FGF21, β-Klotho, and BDNF in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients With Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study

Chen

Duan

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The incidence of depressive symptoms (DS) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) is significantly higher than those in healthy population, and that DS are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events. Previous studies have reported that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), β-klotho, mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), and BDNF precursor (proBDNF) play important roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of coronary heart disease and depression. With this in mind, the present study aimed to clarify the relationship between FGF21, β-klotho, mBDNF, and proBDNF and SCAD with comorbid depression, in addition to also exploring the underlying mechanisms of these disease processes.Methods: A total of 116 patients with SCAD and 45 healthy controls were recruited. Patients with SCAD were further divided into two subgroups based on the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), which were characterized as those with no DS (NDS) and those with DS. Baseline data were collected, and serum levels of FGF21, β-klotho, mBDNF, and proBDNF were determined.Results: In SCAD patients, Gensini scores—denoting the degree of coronary arteriostenosis—were significantly greater in the DS group than in the NDS group. There was also a positive correlation between the Gensini scores and the SDS scores. Patients in the SCAD group demonstrated a lower serum FGF21. Serum β-klotho, mBDNF, and mBDNF/proBDNF were also significantly lower in the DS group than in the NDS group. Furthermore, β-klotho and mBDNF were negatively correlated with the SDS scores. Additionally, SCAD patients were divided into lower- and higher-level groups using hierarchical cluster analysis, with the results highlighting that patients in the lower mBDNF group had a higher incidence of DS.Conclusions: The depression score was positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis, and serum FGF21, β-klotho, mBDNF, and proBDNF were closely related to the development of DS in patients with SCAD. These observations suggest FGF21, β-klotho, mBDNF, and proBDNF as potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets for SCAD with co-morbid depression.

show abstract

Measures of Depression and Depressive Symptoms

Cited by 49 publications

References 99 publications

From maternal tending to adolescent befriending: The adolescent transition of social support

From maternal tending to adolescent befriending: The adolescent transition of social support

A Study of Depressive Symptoms in Doctors Working at COVID-19 Hospitals: An Online Survey.

Serum Levels of FGF21, β-Klotho, and BDNF in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients With Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About